[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-398698-105":59,"doc-detail-398698-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","bacterial-taxonomy-classification-and-laboratory-diagnosis-indole-test-practical-laboratory-guide","Bacterial-taxonomy-Classification-and-laboratory-diagnosis - Indole test - Practical laboratory guide","","Laboratory identification of bacteria through a sequence of biochemical tests, including Indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate utilization, urea testing, and TSI triple sugar iron. Each test is organized by purpose, required media and incubation conditions, then specific indicators and reaction outcomes, such as color shifts (e.g., pink, red, dark red), pH changes, gas production, and H2S-related blackening. Additional differentiating assays include phenylalanine deaminase and ornithine decarboxylase, followed by an analytical profile approach using API biochemical reaction patterns to determine organism identity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bacterial-taxonomy-classification-and-laboratory-diagnosis-indole-test-practical-laboratory-guide/398698/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bacterial-taxonomy-classification-and-laboratory-diagnosis-indole-test-practical-laboratory-guide/398698.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the Indole test assess, and how is a positive result identified?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It assesses the ability to break down tryptophan and detect indole formation. A positive result is indicated when the media turn pink after adding Kovac’s reagent.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do methyl red and Voges-Proskauer differentiate fermentation outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Methyl red evaluates mixed acid fermentation by indicator color and pH (red with low pH, yellow with higher pH). Voges-Proskauer detects acetoin/acetone-related products from glucose fermentation, where dark red indicates a positive reaction with the specified reagents.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are citrate utilization, urea, and TSI results interpreted?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Citrate utilization is positive when bromothymol blue shifts from green to blue, indicating CO2 interaction under alkaline conditions. Urea is positive when phenol red turns pink due to ammonia production under alkaline conditions. TSI interprets sugar fermentation patterns by acid/alkaline reactions and includes gas detection by medium cracking or tube elevation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},398698,1790925776,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| the test | The purpose of the test | The media | The indicator + the reaction | The result |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1) Indole test | Test the ability of the  to break (Tryptophan) = having the enzyme  ( Tryptophanase )  | Peptone (liquid )  +\u003Cbr> Tryptophan\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  [ Kovac’s R. ] If the media turn pink =+indole = The tryptophan metabolized and produce Indole that react with the reagent\u003Cbr>Yellow = -Indole | |  |  |\n| 2) methyl\u003Cbr>red test | Test the ability of the  to perform mixed acid fermentation \u003Cbr>from ( Glucose )  | Peptone + Glucose [Incubate at 37 for 48h] | [ MR ] if the media turn red = +MR = large amounts of mixed acid Acetic  , Lactic , Sunccinic acid  = low ph \u003C 4 \u003Cbr>| Low Ph\u003Cbr>\u003C 4\u003Cbr>Red\u003Cbr>Acidic | | High Ph\u003Cbr>>6\u003Cbr>Yellow\u003Cbr>Alkaline |\n| 3) Voges\u003Cbr>proskauer test\u003Cbr>( V. P ) | Test the ability of the  to perform  Acetyl methyl carbonil ( Acetone )  frome the fermentation of ( Glucose ) | Peptone + Glucose [Incubate at 37 for 48h] |  [ a-naphthol + 40% KOH ] if the media turn dark red = +VP = the Acetone react with the indecator & gets oxidized to Diacetyl\u003Cbr>| |  |  |\n| 4) Citrate\u003Cbr>utilization\u003Cbr>test | Test if the  have the enzyme citrasethat metabolized & utilize citrate and liberated ( produce ) CO2 [ using  citrate as carbon source ] \u003Cbr>| Citrate\u003Cbr>[Incubate at\u003Cbr>37 for 48h] |  bromothymol blue = if the medium turn from green to blue = +citrate = CO2 interact with sodium Na and from  sodium carbonate NaCO3 (Alkaline) | High\u003Cbr>PH [+PH ] |  | Neutral PH |\n| 5) urea’s\u003Cbr>test | Test the ability of the  to break ( Urea ) = having the enzyme ( Urea’s )\u003Cbr>| Urea |  Phenol red = if the media turn pink =+urea = the Urea break and give  ( Ammonia\\ Alkaline) that interact with the indicator \\ yellow = -Urea acidic | Alkaline ph 8 | Acidic Ph 6 |  |\n| 6) TSI Triple sugar iron\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>| Test if the  can ferment these 3 sugars which give acid :\u003Cbr>0.1% glucose\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>1% lactose\u003Cbr>1% sucrose\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\\# Detection of gas production by break up the medium or pushed up the tube (slightly elevation) |  Semi sold with agel-like gelatinous consistency media\u003Cbr>=\u003Cbr>Ferrous sulfate\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>The test tube should be placed at an angle  obliquely  to have aslant ontop. |  PH indicator : phenol red \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> Glucose fermenter \\ Lactose fermenter \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> Glucose fermenter \\ Non-lactose fermenter  | Acid \\ Acid ( A\\ A)\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n\n| the test | The purpose of the test | The media | The indicator + the reaction | The result |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| If the bacteria will instead uti\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>alkaline media remain alkaline,\u003Cbr>indicating no ch of a yellow ferm | cannot ferment lactose, they lize the proteins present in the. As a result, the media will and the red color will persist, ange. In contrast, the presence color indicates successful entation of glucose.\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|  | If the organism can not use the glucose in the medium. The color of the medium remains red.\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>No sugar fermenter | \u003Cbr>Alkaline \\ Alkaline ( k\\k) |  |\n| H2S\u003Cbr>production | Test the ability for the  to reduce sulfur =( H2S ) use sulfur as electron acceptor | Sulfur\u003Cbr>| Iron = if the media turn  black = + H2S = hydrogen sulfide react with the intermediate and give ferric sulfide (Black)\u003Cbr>|  |  |\n| 7)\u003Cbr>Phenylalanine\u003Cbr>deaminase | Distinguishes Proteus from  Salmonella & Shigella as they 2 have the don’t have contain phenylalanine   deaminase \u003Cbr>| Phenylalanine |  Ferric acid = if the media turn green = + phenylalanine = the  have phenylalanine deaminase enzyme = produce Phenyl pyruvic acid + NH3 so it’s PROTEUS | Salmonella\u003Cbr>+ shigella\u003Cbr>Proteus\u003Cbr>| |\n| 8) Ornithine\u003Cbr>decarboxylase | Distinguish between Providencia   rettgeri & Morganella morgani by the present of Ornithine decarboxylase  | Ornithine Source\u003Cbr>of carbon (energy\u003Cbr>for growth) +\u003Cbr>glucose |  Bromocresol purple = if the media turn purple = + ornithine decarboxylase = Morganella morgani (+ve) Fermentation of glucose ","cbCaiukplIjeSaL8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiukplIjeSaL8","pdf",5369022,"English","# Biochemical test overview\n## Core culture media and indicators\n## Indole, MR, and VP tests\n## Citrate, urea, and TSI triple sugar iron\n## H2S and differentiating enzyme tests\n## API biochemical identification profile","[{\"question\":\"What does the Indole test assess, and how is a positive result identified?\",\"answer\":\"It assesses the ability to break down tryptophan and detect indole formation. A positive result is indicated when the media turn pink after adding Kovac’s reagent.\"},{\"question\":\"How do methyl red and Voges-Proskauer differentiate fermentation outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Methyl red evaluates mixed acid fermentation by indicator color and pH (red with low pH, yellow with higher pH). Voges-Proskauer detects acetoin/acetone-related products from glucose fermentation, where dark red indicates a positive reaction with the specified reagents.\"},{\"question\":\"How are citrate utilization, urea, and TSI results interpreted?\",\"answer\":\"Citrate utilization is positive when bromothymol blue shifts from green to blue, indicating CO2 interaction under alkaline conditions. Urea is positive when phenol red turns pink due to ammonia production under alkaline conditions. TSI interprets sugar fermentation patterns by acid/alkaline reactions and includes gas detection by medium cracking or tube elevation.\"}]","Bacterial-taxonomy-Classification-and-laboratory-diagnosis - Indole test - Practical laboratory guide | PDF",1790488202]