[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-372070-105":59,"doc-detail-372070-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","bacteria-as-precision-tools-for-cancer-therapy","Bacteria as Precision Tools for Cancer Therapy","","The discovery of genes inducing cell death reshaped the containment and use of genetically manipulated bacteria. These “killer” genes were evaluated for their ability to target and control malignant human cancer cells. Mapping bacteriomes across organs and noting bacterial accumulation near tumors enabled new anti-cancer avenues, especially as cancer cells learn to evade immune responses. Tumor microenvironments are nutrient-rich, hypoxic, and highly resistant to immunity, motivating therapeutic strategies using engineered Salmonella typhimurium and gut Escherichia coli vectors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/bacteria-as-precision-tools-for-cancer-therapy/372070/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/bacteria-as-precision-tools-for-cancer-therapy/372070.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How did cell-death inducing genes change the use of genetically engineered bacteria?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They enabled the development and biocontainment of genetically manipulated bacteria and allowed the “killer” genes to be tested for targeting malignant human cancer cells.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why are tumor microenvironments important for bacterial cancer therapy design?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Tumors are typically nutrient-rich, low in oxygen, and resistant to immune responses, which shapes how bacteria can accumulate and how therapies can be engineered.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What roles do engineered Salmonella typhimurium and gut E. coli play in the outlined therapeutic approaches?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Engineered S. typhimurium can form adjuvant flagellin-antigen complexes that act as in situ vaccines, while gut E. coli can target tumor cells in colon cancer and support both diagnostic and localized treatment uses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},372070,1790742565,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":52},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Microbial Biotechnology  \nBacteria as Precision Tools for Cancer Therapy  \nCarmen Michán1  | José Prados2 | Juan-Luis Ramos3   \n1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain | 2Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS) de Granada; Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain | 3Estación Experimental del  \nZaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain Correspondence: Juan-Luis Ramos (juanluis.ramos@eez.csic.es)  \nReceived: 2 January 2025 | Accepted: 6 January 2025  \nFunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.  \nABSTRACT  \nThe discovery at the end of the 20th century of genes that induce cell death revolutionised the biocontaintment of genetically manipulated bacteria for environmental or agricultural applications. These bacterial ‘killer’ genes were then assayed for their potential to target and control malignant cells in human cancers. The identification of the bacteriomes in different human organs and tissues, coupled with the observation that bacteria tend to accumulate near tumours, has opened new avenues for anti-cancer strategies. This progress, along with recent insights into how cancer cells evade immune response, has prompted innovative therapeutic approaches. Tumour microenvironments are typically nutrient-rich, characterised by low oxygen tensions and very resistant to immune responses. Two recent studies in MBT highlight the promise of using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli as vectors in novel cancer treatments. Engineered S. typhimurium strains can generate adjuvant flagellin-antigen complexes that function as in situ vaccines, hence increasing the immunogenic responses within tumour environment. Similarly, gut E. coli can be used as vectors to targert tumour cells in colon cancer, enabling both diagnostic applications and localised treatments. Both approaches hold significant potential to improve patient survival outcomes.  \nThe discovery of DNA as the source of genetic information in the mid-20th century provided a significant boost to understanding DNA structure and function and opened avenues to manipulate DNA for different purposes, such as gene cloning, protein expression and constructing novel metabolic pathways. Over time, concerns about DNA manipulation raised, varying in intensity. In the 1990s, the European Commission and other funding agencies promoted developing biocontainment systems for genetically manipulated microbes. A pioneering contribution came from Soeren Molin's group in Denmark, which used genes that induce bacterial death, such as the hok/sok (host killing/ save of killing) system, the Gef (gene expression fatal) protein and gene E from phage ɸX174, to create biocontainment systems. This approach led to the concept of suicide bacteria (Molinet al. 1993), where bacteria perform a specific function while alive and self-destruct once its role is over. In collaboration with  \nSoeren Molin, Juan L. Ramos's group in Spain envisaged a containment system for genetically modified Pseudomonas with expanded catabolic pathways. Specifically, Contreras et al. (1991) and Jensen et al. (1993) engineered Pseudomonas putida strains that survive in the presence of pollutants (i.e., methylbenzoates) and commit suicide once the substrate depletes. For agriculture applications, Ronchel and Ramos (2001) developed a dual containment system that warrants bacterial survival in plant roots but not in bulk soil.  \nThe aforementioned killer proteins are porins, which disrupt cell membranes. This initial idea for the control of genetically manipulated microorganisms then evolved into a potential strategy for cancer treatment. Thus, Aranega's research group at the University of Granada investigated the toxicity","cbCairOC5o84Foz2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairOC5o84Foz2","pdf",384093,"English","# Abstract\n## Background: biocontainment and bacterial “killer” genes\n## Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion\n## Engineered bacterial vectors for therapy","[{\"question\":\"How did cell-death inducing genes change the use of genetically engineered bacteria?\",\"answer\":\"They enabled the development and biocontainment of genetically manipulated bacteria and allowed the “killer” genes to be tested for targeting malignant human cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are tumor microenvironments important for bacterial cancer therapy design?\",\"answer\":\"Tumors are typically nutrient-rich, low in oxygen, and resistant to immune responses, which shapes how bacteria can accumulate and how therapies can be engineered.\"},{\"question\":\"What roles do engineered Salmonella typhimurium and gut E. coli play in the outlined therapeutic approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Engineered S. typhimurium can form adjuvant flagellin-antigen complexes that act as in situ vaccines, while gut E. coli can target tumor cells in colon cancer and support both diagnostic and localized treatment uses.\"}]","Bacteria as Precision Tools for Cancer Therapy | PDF",1790193636]