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Over recent decades, educator training and educator institutions have shifted toward rejecting assimilation and American civic values, while research shows declining pro-assimilation views in scholarly discussions. The document argues that schools, schools of choice, and private alternatives can counter ideological capture in public education. It warns that continued immigration pressures require institutions’ capacity to integrate newcomers into American culture and traditions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/backgrounder-no-3894-educating-the-american-citizen-changes-in-schools-as-assimilators-of-immigrants/585145/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/backgrounder-no-3894-educating-the-american-citizen-changes-in-schools-as-assimilators-of-immigrants/585145.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role have K–12 schools traditionally played in immigrant assimilation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They have been among the most important institutions for assimilation, teaching American values together with basic literacy skills.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How have views about school assimilation changed over recent decades?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Institutions that train educators have adopted dramatically different views, often rejecting assimilation and American values, and scholarly coverage has shifted accordingly.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence does the Backgrounder use to assess attitude changes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It presents a systematic examination of how immigration and assimilation have been addressed in Peabody Journal of Education articles over the past century.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585145,1792211166,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","BACKGROUNDER  \nNo. 3894 | March 7, 2025  \ncENTEr FOr EDUcaTION POLIcY  \nEducating the American Citizen: Changes in Schools as Assimilators of Immigrants  \nJay P. Greene, PhD, Lindsey M. Burke, PhD, Adeline Kaufman, Isabella Vennare, and James V. Shuls, PhD  \nKEY TAKEAWAYS  \nK–12 schools have historically been among the most important institutions for assimilation of immigrants—american values were taught along with the three rs.  \nOver the past decades, the institutions that train educators have adopted dramatically different views, often rejecting assimilation and american values completely.  \nPrivate schools and school choice, withinput from parents, offer a much-needed alternative to the ideological capture of public schools by an anti-american elite.  \nThe continued success of the American political  \nsystem, as well as that of civil society, depends  \non ensuring that the rate of immigration does not exceed the ability of American institutions to assimilate immigrants into American culture and tradition. For their part, K–12 schools have historically been among the most important institutions for effective assimilation of immigrants.  \nIn the “common school” era of the mid-19th century, a fragmented system of academies gave way to widespread public schooling. In his 1848 annual report of the Massachusetts board of education, Horace Mann, the “father of American public education,”1 lauded the promise of public schools to become“the most effective and benignant ofall the forces of civilization.”2 Indeed, as economist Milton Friedman explained, the arguments in favor of public education at the time “were all pitched in terms of the public  \nThis paper, in its entirety, can be found at [https://report.heritage.org/bg3894](https://report.heritage.org/bg3894)  \nThe heritage Foundation | 214 Massachusetts avenue, NE | Washington, Dc 20002 | (202) [546-4400 | heritage.org](546-4400 | heritage.org)[ ](546-4400 | heritage.org)Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress.  \ninterest” and centered on cultural goals.3 As Gonzaga University’s Mark Edward DeForrest writes:  \nThe common schools were the public schools of their day, and had a large role in assimilating and educating the offspring of immigrants then moving into the United States from Europe. The schools did not simply educate students in the basics of the English language or the Three Rs. Rather, the schools were actively involved in promoting the values and beliefs that were considered part and parcel of the American Experience.4  \nBut over the past several decades, school administrators and teachers, and the institutions that train them, have adopted dramatically different views about the role of schools in assimilating immigrants.  \nTo test whether attitudes have changed about the assimilating mission of schools, the authors of this Backgrounder conducted a systematic examination of how immigration and assimilation have been addressed in articles in the Peabody Journal of Education over the past century. Founded in 1924, the Peabody Journalisthe second-oldest journal in the field and remains one of its most influential.5 The Peabody School of Education at Vanderbilt University that publishes the journal has long been atop-ranked education school.6 Any change in how authors in the Peabody Journal think about immigration and assimilation over time would bea reliable indicator of changes in the views of educators and those who train them.  \nThe analysis of trends in how immigration and assimilation are treated in Peabody Journal articles reveals a sharp change in attitudes among educators. Over the past century there has been a significant decline in articles viewing American values and political institutions in a positive way; a drop in seeing immigration as a challenge to address through assimilation; a rise in viewing differences between im","cbCaiqGXAlB0IyHy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqGXAlB0IyHy","pdf",283120,13,"English","# Key Takeaways\n## Historical role of K–12 schools\n## Shifts in educator attitudes\n## Evidence from the Peabody Journal of Education\n## Implications for America’s political and civil society","[{\"question\":\"What role have K–12 schools traditionally played in immigrant assimilation?\",\"answer\":\"They have been among the most important institutions for assimilation, teaching American values together with basic literacy skills.\"},{\"question\":\"How have views about school assimilation changed over recent decades?\",\"answer\":\"Institutions that train educators have adopted dramatically different views, often rejecting assimilation and American values, and scholarly coverage has shifted accordingly.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the Backgrounder use to assess attitude changes?\",\"answer\":\"It presents a systematic examination of how immigration and assimilation have been addressed in Peabody Journal of Education articles over the past century.\"}]","BACKGROUNDER - No. 3894 - Educating the American Citizen: Changes in Schools as Assimilators of Immigrants | PDF",1792053818,33]