[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108590-en":3,"doc-seo-108590-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108590,1099514068035,"Ezra","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","BACKGROUND NOTE 2 - Kazakhstan’s opportunities in green products and value chains","Global low-carbon transition drives demand for green products across entire green value chains, including renewable energy outputs, lower embodied-emissions materials, energy and transport solutions, and climate-resilient buildings, infrastructure, and water systems. Kazakhstan has resource endowments that create opportunities, but this background note focuses on additional pathways beyond primary energy and mineral extraction. It examines how Kazakhstan’s production complexity has declined post-independence, weakening export sophistication and limiting knowledge spillovers, and highlights low diversity and limited connections in the product space. The note also reviews Kazakhstan’s performance on Green Complexity Index and green complexity potential, while noting recent improvements from export growth in selected green products.","| Authorized\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> |\n| --- |\n| Public Disc losure\u003Cbr> |\n| horized\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> |\n| Disc losure Aut\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> |\n| zed Public\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>KAZAKHSTAN |\n| isc losure Authori\u003Cbr> |\n| Pub l ic D\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> |\n| e Authorized\u003Cbr> |\n| Pub lic Disclosur\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> |\n|  |\n| \u003Cbr>BACKGROUND NOTE 2\u003Cbr>Kazakhstan’s opportunities in green products and value chains |\n\nThe green growth opportunity  \nThe global low-carbon transition is creating global markets for a wide range of products through all stages of green value chains and green products – from raw materials, refined materials, equipment parts and complex final products. Demand for ‘green products’ that have lower embodied emissions; can deliver lowemissions energy or transport; improve resilience of buildings, infrastructure and water supplies to climate change; or deliver other environmental benefits is expected to grow immensely as countries decarbonize. These products are largely produced within global value chains: complex production networks spanning multiple countries. Each country will play a different role in these global value chains based on their unique characteristics and competitive strengths. Kazakhstan’s natural resource endowments mean the country has opportunities to produce its own renewable energy and some minerals critical to the low-carbon transition. This paper explores other opportunities, outside of primary energy and mineral production, for Kazakhstan to grow its output of green products role in green value chains. This paper canvasses goods production, so does not consider the potential economic opportunities from delivering services, like transport and IT.  \nKazakhstan’s production lacks complexity  \nThe complexity of Kazakhstan’s economy relative to other countries suffered after  \nindependence; adapting  \nKazakhstan’s economy to new, green industries will be challenging. Kazakhstan’s ranking dropped from 59 in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) in 1995-99 to a low of 142 in 2006-10.1 This decline reflects the narrowing of Kazakhstan’s economic base to rely predominantly on fossil-fuel extraction, agriculture, and metals production. Despite modest improvement since 2010 Kazakhstan has not been able to reach a higher rank than 134 in recent years. The ECI aims to capture the sophistication of a country’s exports and has been  \nFigure 1 The relative economic complexity of Kazakhstan’s production has not recovered to pre-independence levels  \nshown to be predictive of future economic growth.2 More complex production tends to have potential for knowledge spillovers into other industrial areas– meaning an economy can more easily diversify into new areas of production. It is worth noting that the dominance of oil and gas in Kazakhstan’s exports could unfairly skew these results – these exports feature due to Kazakhstan’s natural resource endowment rather than necessarily reflecting underlying capabilities. Indeed, the timing of the decline in Kazakhstan’s ECI performance from the mid-nineties aligns with the ramp-up of oil exports. Still, Kazakhstan’s ranking is low compared with several  \n1 Rankings are out of 231 countries and territories.  \n2 Hidalgo and Hausmann, 2009; Hausmann et al 2014  \ncountries with a similar level of oil and gas in their export mix (e.g. Russia, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Norway), but comparable with Iran’s.  \nFurther, this lack of complexity can be seen by looking at the individual products Kazakhstan exports, where very few of Kazakhstan’s substantial non-oil and gas exports are complex. Figure 2 identifies Kazakhstan’sexports in the ‘Product Space’ -a network connecting products that are likely to be co-exported, with more complex products generally having more connections.3 Kazakhstan’s most competitive exports (colored dots) are generally on the periphery of the product space, with few connections. This suggests the products are low in complexity, and there are limited opportunities for adapting the capabilities needed for those products to new pro","cbCaiaiuGeAywIe1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaiuGeAywIe1","pdf",884720,5,1,12,"English","en",105,"# The green growth opportunity\n## Green products across value chains\n# Kazakhstan’s production complexity challenges\n## Economic complexity decline after independence\n## Product space and limited adaptability\n# Green complexity and potential rankings\n## GCI and GCP indicators\n## Recent improvements and outlook","[{\"question\":\"What markets are created by the global low-carbon transition for green products?\",\"answer\":\"The transition creates markets for a wide range of products throughout green value chains, including lower embodied-emissions goods, low-emissions energy and transport solutions, and assets improving resilience of buildings, infrastructure, and water systems.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does Kazakhstan’s export performance indicate limited production complexity?\",\"answer\":\"Kazakhstan’s economic complexity ranking declined after independence and exports are concentrated in less complex categories, with competitive exports often positioned on the periphery of the product space and having few connections.\"},{\"question\":\"How do Green Complexity Index (GCI) and green complexity potential (GCP) describe Kazakhstan’s position?\",\"answer\":\"GCI reflects capacities to competitively export green and complex products already exported above the global average, while GCP captures potential to competitively export green products in the future. Kazakhstan lags behind many regional peers in these rankings, despite improvements over the past decade.\"}]","BACKGROUND NOTE 2 - Kazakhstan’s opportunities in green products and value chains | PDF",1784472524,30,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"background-note-2-kazakhstans-opportunities-in-green-products-and-value-chains","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/background-note-2-kazakhstans-opportunities-in-green-products-and-value-chains/108590/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What markets are created by the global low-carbon transition for green products?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"The transition creates markets for a wide range of products throughout green value chains, including lower embodied-emissions goods, low-emissions energy and transport solutions, and assets improving resilience of buildings, infrastructure, and water systems.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Why does Kazakhstan’s export performance indicate limited production complexity?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Kazakhstan’s economic complexity ranking declined after independence and exports are concentrated in less complex categories, with competitive exports often positioned on the periphery of the product space and having few connections.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"How do Green Complexity Index (GCI) and green complexity potential (GCP) describe Kazakhstan’s position?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"GCI reflects capacities to competitively export green and complex products already exported above the global average, while GCP captures potential to competitively export green products in the future. Kazakhstan lags behind many regional peers in these rankings, despite improvements over the past decade.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":30,"slug":122},"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]