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This InfoBrief analyzes baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients from 2010–20 by citizenship status, race, and ethnicity, highlighting how minority-serving institutions and U.S. public versus private institutions shape degree pathways.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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is the main focus of this InfoBrief?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It examines the baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients from 2010–20 by citizenship status, race, and ethnicity, emphasizing differences tied to institutional pathways.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are race and ethnicity defined for the analysis?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Race and ethnicity are limited to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, with citizenship reflecting status at the time the doctorate was awarded.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What key pattern is highlighted for minority groups?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Black, Hispanic, and AIAN doctorate recipients disproportionately earned bachelor’s degrees from minority-serving institutions, underscoring the role of these colleges and universities in diversifying the U.S. research 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\nNSF 22-335 | August 2022  \nPeter Einaudi, Jonathan Gordon, and Kelly Kang  \nThe educational pathways of doctorate recipients in the United States differ in many ways by race and ethnicity. Despite steady growth in educational attainment, Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indiansand Alaska Natives (AIANs) remain underrepresented among U.S. bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degree recipients.1 The persistence of this imbalance has driven greater investment in initiatives focused on closing these gaps and the identification of best practices within successful academic programs.2 Extending prior analyses,3 this InfoBrief examines the baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients from 2010–20 by citizenship status, race, and ethnicity. Black, Hispanic, and AIAN doctorate recipients from 2010–20 disproportionately earned a bachelor’s degree from minority-serving institutions, underscoring the importance of these colleges and universities for enhancing the diversity of the U.S. research enterprise. Although most Black and Hispanic doctorate recipients earned a bachelor’s degree from public colleges and universities, a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic students with undergraduate degrees from private colleges and universities went on to earn a research doctorate.  \nBaccalaureate Origins of U.S. Doctorate Recipients  \nFigure 1 shows the baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients from 2010–20 by type of institution, and it highlights several key differences by citizenship status, race, and ethnicity. For this analysis, race and ethnicity is limited to U.S. citizens and permanent residents; citizenship reflects status at time of doctorate award. Although just over half of all U.S. citizens and permanent residents earned a bachelor’s degree from a public college or university in the United States, a substantially greater percentage of AIAN doctorate recipients (70.6%) and Hispanic or Latino doctorate recipients (60.2%) earned a bachelor’s degree from public U.S. institutions. White doctorate recipients and those reporting more than one race disproportionately earned a bachelor’s degree from private U.S. institutions (39 .9% and 40 .0%, respectively) . Almost a third (32 .4%) of Asian doctorate recipients and the vast majority (87 . 6%) of doctorate recipients with temporary visas earned a bachelor’s degree from non-U.S. institutions.  \nFigure 1  \nBaccalaureate-origin institutions of doctorate recipients from 2010–20, by institution type, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race  \nNote(s):  \nCitizenship reflects status at time of doctorate award; reporting of race and ethnicity is limited to U.S. citizens and permanent residents.  \nBaccalaureate-origin institutions in the United States are classified using the 2018 Basic Carnegie Classification. Doctoral universities include R1: doctoral universities with very high research activity, R2: doctoral universities with high research activity, and doctoral/professional universities. Master's colleges and universities include smaller, medium, and larger programs. Baccalaureate colleges include baccalaureate colleges: arts and sciences focus, baccalaureate colleges: diverse fields, and mixed baccalaureate/associate's colleges. All other institutions include special focus institutions, tribal colleges, associate's colleges, baccalaureate/associate's colleges: associate dominant, and unclassified institutions.  \nSource(s):  \nNational Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.  \nIn addition to differences in institutional control (public or private) of baccalaureate-origin schools, there are differences by race and ethnicity in terms of the Carnegie Classification of these schools. AIAN, Black, and Hispanic doctorate recipients disproportionately earned a bachelor’s degree from public master’s institutions (15 . 1%, 14.3%, and 12.3%, respectively, versus 9 .4% for all","cbCaig52ouuBiZVL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig52ouuBiZVL","pdf",920096,23,"English","# Baccalaureate origins by institutional type\n## Notes and classification sources\n# Differences by race and ethnicity\n## Carnegie Classification patterns\n## R1 doctoral university attainment rates","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of this InfoBrief?\",\"answer\":\"It examines the baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients from 2010–20 by citizenship status, race, and ethnicity, emphasizing differences tied to institutional pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"How are race and ethnicity defined for the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Race and ethnicity are limited to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, with citizenship reflecting status at the time the doctorate was awarded.\"},{\"question\":\"What key pattern is highlighted for minority groups?\",\"answer\":\"Black, Hispanic, and AIAN doctorate recipients disproportionately earned bachelor’s degrees from minority-serving institutions, underscoring the role of these colleges and universities in diversifying the U.S. research enterprise.\"}]","Baccalaureate Origins of Underrepresented Minority Research Doctorate Recipients | PDF",1792055964,58]