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Using analytical approaches—analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction—the study applies the example of Minin University and its regulations on open courses. It notes course-end recalculation for trainees with unsatisfactory results, and argues that open courses mark a new qualitative step in global education while advocating greater effectiveness of online formats.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/b1-plus-exam-a-key-to-higher-education-in-russia/464667/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/b1-plus-exam-a-key-to-higher-education-in-russia/464667.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bulrr","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the article discuss open electronic courses in education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines how open electronic courses are introduced, what requirements apply to them, and what factors slow their active development.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What methods were used in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction, and applied the findings through the example of Minin University.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the paper position the B1 Plus Exam in relation to language proficiency?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It describes B1 Plus as more than language assessment: it also evaluates problem solving and critical thinking needed for successful study.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},464667,1792237920,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","European Research Studies Journal Volume XXI, Special Issue 2, 2018  \npp. 404-413  \nB1 Plus Exam: A Key to Higher Education in Russia  \nA.V. Dolzhikova 1, N.V. Pomortseva2, M.N. Kunovski3, M.A. Bragina4  \nAbstract:  \nThe use of open electronic courses is a relatively new tendency in education and it is not yet fully discovered by researchers. This article examines the specifics of the introduction of online courses, including the requirements to them, as well as factors that slow down their active development.  \nThe following methods of investigation were used: analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction. As an example the Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical UniversityMinin University was used. On the basis of the study of the \"Regulations on the use of open courses in the educational activities of Minin University\", it was noted, in addition to the functions of the coordination group on open education, that for the trainee at the end of the course, in the case of unsatisfactory result, the possibility of the recalculation is established.  \nThis possibility is used not by every university. In the article we make a conclusion that open courses are a new qualitative step in the development of world education, but online courses would be much more effective as narrow-minded, adult-oriented, and deeply motivated for learning. Taken as the basis of research, Minin University showed that the university is ready for the implementation of online courses. It is one of the few universities that actively use open courses in Russia.  \nKeywords: Open Electronic Courses, Recalculation, System of Estimation, Educational Activities, Coordination Group on Open Education.  \n1Peoples’Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Russian Federation [dolzhikovado@gmail.com](dolzhikovado@gmail.com)  \n2Peoples’Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Russian Federation, [p](pomortsevanv@mail.ru)[omortsevanv@mail.ru](pomortsevanv@mail.ru)  \n3Peoples’Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Russian Federation, [kunovski_mn@rudn.university](kunovski_mn@rudn.university)  \n4Peoples’Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Russian Federation, [bragina_ma@rudn.university](bragina_ma@rudn.university)  \n1. Introduction  \nThe majority of international programs are in English. TOEFL (Test of English as a foreign language) internet based test and IELTS Academic (International English Language Test System) are probably the most popular exams. There are also international tests for the other European languages: the results of Test DAF and DSH are compulsory for studying in Germany, TCF and DELF/DALF results are necessary to study in France, DELE exam is a mandatory requirement for those who apply to Spanish universities or colleges.  \nRussia as well as other countries accepts many international students every year. Tobe enrolled in a university in Russia any foreign applicant has to prove the knowledge of the Russian language. TORFL-1 certificate (Test of Russian as a Foreign Language, 1st Certification level) is a common requirement both for the international students finishing their pre-university course and for the foreign applicants who studied Russian on their own. TORFL-1 corresponds to B1 level of the Common European Framework for Reference (CEFR, 2001) . Many universities provide a pre-university course with Russian as a foreign language classes and the general educational subjects (history as a compulsory subject for all the specialities; maths, chemistry, biology, physics, etc. depending on the chosen faculty) . The students completing this program pass a course-leaving language exam and get TORFL-1 certificate. TORFL-1 is the most popular exam in the testing system for Russian as a foreign language. Despite its popularity, TORFL-1 as a pre-university course-leaving exam does not already meet the real needs ofa foreign.  \nRUDN University authors’ team put forward the idea to review and redesign the existing ","cbCaidpPYdvRAuuR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidpPYdvRAuuR","pdf",274047,"English","# Introduction\n## Literature Review\n### State of the literature\n### Contribution of this paper to the literature\n### Analysis of the Russian scientific and pedagogical literature","[{\"question\":\"Why does the article discuss open electronic courses in education?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how open electronic courses are introduced, what requirements apply to them, and what factors slow their active development.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods were used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study used analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction, and applied the findings through the example of Minin University.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper position the B1 Plus Exam in relation to language proficiency?\",\"answer\":\"It describes B1 Plus as more than language assessment: it also evaluates problem solving and critical thinking needed for successful study.\"}]","B1 Plus Exam: A Key to Higher Education in Russia | PDF",1790768495,25]