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A nationwide cross-sectional CAWI survey was conducted from 1–4 March 2024 with 2,165 participants using quota sampling. Family history emerged as the most recognized risk factor across cancer types, while substantial gaps persisted for lifestyle and workplace-related exposures. Higher awareness correlated with female gender, higher education, occupational activity, and chronic disease status (p\u003C0.05).",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/awareness-of-genitourinary-cancers-risk-factors-a-2024-population-based-cross-sectional-study-in-poland/332192/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/awareness-of-genitourinary-cancers-risk-factors-a-2024-population-based-cross-sectional-study-in-poland/332192.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maeve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study assessed adults’ awareness of genitourinary cancer risk factors in Poland and identified factors associated with public awareness of those risk factors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the study conducted and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a sample of 2,165 adults in Poland using quota sampling and a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which risk factors were most and least recognized?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers. Many respondents also showed limited awareness of lifestyle- and workplace-related risk factors, with notable gaps reported for chemical exposures and other factors.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What factors were associated with higher awareness?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Higher awareness was associated with female gender, higher education, being occupationally active, and having chronic diseases (p \u003C 0.05).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},332192,1790813156,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},5909877438554,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272","Edited by: Paolo Chiodini,  \nUniversity of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy  \nReviewed by: Sina Azadnajafabad,  \nUniversity of Leeds, United Kingdom One reviewer who chose to remain anonymous  \n*Correspondence Gabriela Moczeniat,  \n [nauka@grupamazovia.pl](nauka@grupamazovia.pl)  \nReceived: 10 March 2024  \nAccepted: 10 June 2024  \nPublished: 21 June 2024  \nCitation:  \nMoczeniat G, Jankowski M, Duda-Zalewska A and Gujski M (2024) Awareness of Genitourinary  \nCancers Risk Factors—A 2024 Population-Based CrossSectional Study in Poland.  \nInt J Public Health 69:1607264.  \ndoi: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607264  \nAwareness of Genitourinary Cancers Risk Factors—A 2024 Population-Based  \nCross-Sectional Study in Poland  \nGabriela Moczeniat 1,2 *, Mateusz Jankowski 3, Aneta Duda-Zalewska 1 and Mariusz Gujski 1  \n1Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2Department of Urology, Mazovia Hospital Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 3School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland  \nObjective: This study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers.  \nMethods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.  \nResults: Regardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39 .4%) or prostate cancer (34 .2%) . Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (p \u003C 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors.  \nConclusion: This study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors.  \nKeywords: genitourinary diseases, cancer, preventive health services, public awareness, risk factors  \nINTRODUCTION  \nGenitourinary cancers include cancers of the urinary system, as well as the reproductive tract [1] . Kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers are the most common genitourinary cancers posing significant health burden [1–3] . Between 1990 and 2019, the global incidence of kidney cancer increased by 155%, bladder cancer by 123%, and prostate cancer by 169%[2] . Population aging will increase the burden of genitourinary cancers [4] . Regular screening is a key preventive measure for early detection of genitourinary cancer [5] . Symptoms differ by type of genitourinary cancer, but most of them include trouble urinating, haematuria, and pain (mostly located in the back, lumps, or abdomen) [6, 7] . However, prostate cancer is often asymptomatic making early detection difficult [7] .  \nPublic awareness of genitourinary cancer risk factors is necessary to assess individual health risksand implement regular screening. Smoking is the most important lifestyle-related risk factor for  \nInt J Public Health | Owned by SSPH+ | Published by Frontiers 1 June 2024 | Volume 69 | Article 1607264  \ngenitourinary cancer [8] . Obesity and some types of diet may also increase the risk of genitourinary cancer [9] . Smoking prevalence in Poland is estimated at 28.8% of the adult population [10] and the prevalence of overweight or obesity is 42.2% and 16.4% respectively [11], so lifestyle-related risk factors significantly contribute to the genitourinary cancer burden in Poland. Chemical exposures, especially environmental and occupational exposures are also well-documented risk factors for genitou","cbCaibAYirCHQkye","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibAYirCHQkye","pdf",660113,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Burden of genitourinary cancers and preventive screening\n## Determinants of cancer risk and public education context\n# Objective\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed adults’ awareness of genitourinary cancer risk factors in Poland and identified factors associated with public awareness of those risk factors.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the study conducted and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"A nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a sample of 2,165 adults in Poland using quota sampling and a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.\"},{\"question\":\"Which risk factors were most and least recognized?\",\"answer\":\"Family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers. Many respondents also showed limited awareness of lifestyle- and workplace-related risk factors, with notable gaps reported for chemical exposures and other factors.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors were associated with higher awareness?\",\"answer\":\"Higher awareness was associated with female gender, higher education, being occupationally active, and having chronic diseases (p \\u003c 0.05).\"}]","Awareness of Genitourinary Cancers Risk Factors - A 2024 Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Poland | PDF",1789997266]