[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-332716-105":59,"doc-detail-332716-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","avian-models-for-human-carcinogenesis-recent-findings-from-molecular-and-clinical-research","Avian Models for Human Carcinogenesis - Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research","","Birds, especially the chick and hen, are long-standing biomedical research models because avian embryos are accessible and avian viruses were identified early. Understanding avian tumor virology advanced basic cancer research by clarifying non-viral mechanisms and enabling oncogene discovery. Work on avian viruses also provided early perspectives on Kaposi’s sarcoma and EBV-linked disorders. Beyond virology, CAM enables tumor angiogenesis, metastasis studies, and screening anti-cancer candidates, while the chick embryo supports patient-derived xenografts for personalized therapies. Laying hens uniquely model spontaneous ovarian cancer, offering alternatives to mammalian models.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/avian-models-for-human-carcinogenesis-recent-findings-from-molecular-and-clinical-research/332716/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/avian-models-for-human-carcinogenesis-recent-findings-from-molecular-and-clinical-research/332716.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are chick and hen models important for cancer research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They have been valuable biomedical models for centuries due to the accessibility of avian embryos and the early discovery of avian viruses, which enabled key advances in tumor virology and cancer biology.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) used in studying cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"CAM is an easily accessible extraembryonic tissue with rich vasculature, supporting studies of tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis, and enabling efficient screening of potential anti-cancer compounds.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What makes the laying hen a distinctive model in this research context?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The laying hen is described as the only animal model of a spontaneous form of ovarian cancer, and may closely resemble human oncogenesis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332716,1790042694,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","cells  \nReview  \nAvian Models for Human Carcinogenesis—Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research  \nJulia Niebora 1, Krzysztof Data 1, Dominika Domagała 1, Małgorzata Józkowiak 1,2, Saoirse Barrett 3, Tannaz Norizadeh Abbariki 4, Artur Bryja 1, Magdalena Kulus 5, Sławomir Wo´zniak 1, Hanna Ziemak 6, Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty 2,7, Paweł Antosik 5, Dorota Bukowska 8, Paul Mozdziak 9,10, Piotr Dzi˛egiel 11 and Bartosz Kempisty 1,5,10,12, *  \nCitation: Niebora, J.; Data, K.; Domagała, D.; Józkowiak, M.; Barrett, S.; Norizadeh Abbariki, T.; Bryja, A.; Kulus, M.; Wo´zniak, S.; Ziemak, H.; et al. Avian Models for Human Carcinogenesis—Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research. Cells 2024, 13, 1797. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cells13211797](10.3390/cells13211797)  \nReceived: 29 August 2024  \nRevised: 24 October 2024  \nAccepted: 26 October 2024  \nPublished: 30 October 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; [dominika.domagala@umw.edu.pl](dominika.domagala@umw.edu.pl) (D.D.); [malgorzata.jozkowiak@umw.edu.pl](malgorzata.jozkowiak@umw.edu.pl) (M.J.)  \n2 Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland  \n3 Human Clinical Embryology & Assisted Conception, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK  \n4 Flyblast BV, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium  \n5 Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland  \n6 Veterinary Clinic of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland  \n7 Department of Basic and Preclinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland  \n8 Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland  \n9 Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; [pemozdzi@ncsu.edu](pemozdzi@ncsu.edu)  \n10 Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA  \n11 Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland  \n12 Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic  \n* Correspondence: [kempistybartosz@gmail.com](kempistybartosz@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Birds, especially the chick and hen, have been important biomedical research models for centuries due to the accessibility of the avian embryo and the early discovery of avian viruses. Comprehension of avian tumor virology was a milestone in basic cancer research, as was that of non-viral genesis, as it enabled the discovery of oncogenes. Furthermore, studies on avian viruses provided initial insights into Kaposi’s sarcoma and EBV-induced diseases. However, the role of birds in human carcinogenesis extends beyond the realm of virology research. Utilization of CAM, the chorioallantoic membrane, an easily accessible extraembryonic tissue with rich vasculature, has enabled studies on tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis and the efficient screening of potential anti-cancer compounds. Also, the chick embryo alone is an effective preclinical in vivo patient-derived xenograft model, which is important for the development of personalized therapies. Furthermore, adult birds may also closely resemble human oncoge","cbCaidTreJEOGUnH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidTreJEOGUnH","pdf",3588368,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer burden and multistep carcinogenesis\n## Viral contribution to human tumors\n# Avian Retroviruses\n## Avian retroviruses as RNA viruses and their role","[{\"question\":\"Why are chick and hen models important for cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"They have been valuable biomedical models for centuries due to the accessibility of avian embryos and the early discovery of avian viruses, which enabled key advances in tumor virology and cancer biology.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) used in studying cancer?\",\"answer\":\"CAM is an easily accessible extraembryonic tissue with rich vasculature, supporting studies of tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis, and enabling efficient screening of potential anti-cancer compounds.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes the laying hen a distinctive model in this research context?\",\"answer\":\"The laying hen is described as the only animal model of a spontaneous form of ovarian cancer, and may closely resemble human oncogenesis.\"}]","Avian Models for Human Carcinogenesis - Recent Findings from Molecular and Clinical Research | PDF",1789999188,53]