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This review evaluates monitoring needs across structures, pipelines, cuttings piles, seabed habitats, and the water column, and demonstrates how autonomous marine systems can collect acoustic, visual, and oceanographic data relevant to decommissioning. The paper highlights cost-saving potential and improved temporal and spatial resolution, while outlining key trade-offs versus conventional monitoring approaches.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/autonomous-marine-environmental-monitoring-application-in-decommissioned-oil-fields/141689/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/autonomous-marine-environmental-monitoring-application-in-decommissioned-oil-fields/141689.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-08-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is environmental monitoring important during offshore oil and gas decommissioning?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Decommissioning can impact the marine environment and often must be supported by environmental assessment and monitoring for structures, pipelines, seabed areas, and the water column.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which marine autonomous system data types can support decommissioning monitoring?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Relevant data can be collected using acoustic, visual, and oceanographic sensors deployed on autonomous marine systems.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are the main trade-offs between autonomous marine systems and conventional monitoring approaches?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review summarizes trade-offs in efficiency and the ability to compare with conventional methods, while noting potential cost savings and better spatial/temporal resolution.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},141689,1787662709,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Science of the Total Environment 668 (2019) 835–853  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nScience of the Total Environment  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www. elsevier. com/locate/scitoten v)[ www. elsevier. com/locate/scitoten v](homepage: www. elsevier. com/locate/scitoten v)  \nReview  \nAutonomous marine environmental monitoring: Application in decommissioned oil fields  \nDaniel O.B. Jones ⁎, Andrew R. Gates, Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Alexander B. Phillips, Brian J. Bett National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK  \nH I G H L I G H T S G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T  \n• Decommissioning will impact the marine environment at a global scale.  \n• Environmental monitoring of decommissioning activities helps mitigate impacts.  \n• Marine autonomous systems could automate much environmental monitoring.  \n• Autonomy provides cost savingsand improved spatial and temporal resolution.  \n• Trade-offs exist between efficiency and comparison to conventional approaches.  \n\n| a r t i c l e i n f o |\n| --- |\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received 29 October 2018\u003Cbr>Received in revised form 19 February 2019 Accepted 19 February 2019\u003Cbr>Available online 22 February 2019\u003Cbr>Editor: Kevin V. Thomas |\n\nKeywords: Survey Oil and gas Infrastructure Observatories  \nMarine autonomous systems  \nAUV Glider Rigs to reefs  \na b s t r a c t  \nHundreds of Oil & Gas Industry structures in the marine environment are approaching decommissioning. In most areas decommissioning operations will need to be supported by environmental assessment and monitoring, potentially over the life of any structures left in place. This requirement will have a considerable cost for industry and the public. Here we review approaches for the assessment of the primary operating environments associated with decommissioning — namely structures, pipelines, cuttings piles, the general seabed environment and the water column — and show that already available marine autonomous systems (MAS) offer a wide range of solutions for this major monitoring challenge. Data of direct relevance to decommissioning can be collected using acoustic, visual, and oceanographic sensors deployed on MAS. We suggest that there is considerable potential for both cost savings and a substantial improvement in the temporal and spatial resolution of environmental monitoring. We summarise the trade-offs between MAS and current conventional approaches to marine environmental monitoring. MAS have the potential to successfully carry out much of the monitoring associated with decommissioning and to offer viable alternatives where a direct match for the conventional approach isnot possible.  \n© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)).  \n⁎ Corresponding author.  \n[E-mail address:](E-mail address: dj1@noc.ac.uk)[ dj1@noc.ac.uk](E-mail address: dj1@noc.ac.uk) (D.O.B. Jones).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.310](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.310)  \n0048-9697/© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)).  \n836 D.O.B. Jones et al. / Science of the Total Environment 668 (2019) 835–853  \nContents  \n1. Introduction .............................................................. 836  \n2. Areas of interest for environmental monitoring .............................................. 837  \n2.1. Structures ............................................................ 839  \n2.2. Pipelines ............................................................. 839  \n2.3. Near-field seabed ......................................................... 839  \n2.4. Far-field seabed ......................................................... 842  \n2.5. Water column .....................","cbCaidkLg0oHKxHs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidkLg0oHKxHs","pdf",2047445,"English","# Contents\n## Introduction\n## Areas of interest for environmental monitoring\n## Autonomous systems for decommissioning monitoring\n## MAS sensors for monitoring decommissioning\n## MAS data for monitoring decommissioning\n## Trade-offs between MAS and other approaches\n## Prospect-basin-scale integrated monitoring\n## Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"Why is environmental monitoring important during offshore oil and gas decommissioning?\",\"answer\":\"Decommissioning can impact the marine environment and often must be supported by environmental assessment and monitoring for structures, pipelines, seabed areas, and the water column.\"},{\"question\":\"Which marine autonomous system data types can support decommissioning monitoring?\",\"answer\":\"Relevant data can be collected using acoustic, visual, and oceanographic sensors deployed on autonomous marine systems.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main trade-offs between autonomous marine systems and conventional monitoring approaches?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes trade-offs in efficiency and the ability to compare with conventional methods, while noting potential cost savings and better spatial/temporal resolution.\"}]","Autonomous marine environmental monitoring - Application in decommissioned oil fields | PDF",48]