[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-201198-105":59,"doc-detail-201198-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","automatic-construction-of-the-english-sentence-pattern-structure-treebank-for-chinese-esl-learners","Automatic Construction of the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank for Chinese ESL learners","","Analyzing long, complex sentences remains a key priority and difficulty in English learning for Chinese ESL learners. To support accurate parsing, an English Sentence Pattern Structure (ESPS) is designed using the Sentence Diagramming theory, then an English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank (ESPST) is automatically constructed via rule conversion based on constituency structure and conversion evaluation. Two comparative experiments test a trained parser and large language models (LLMs), and results confirm effectiveness of the rule-based conversion approach.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/automatic-construction-of-the-english-sentence-pattern-structure-treebank-for-chinese-esl-learners/201198/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/automatic-construction-of-the-english-sentence-pattern-structure-treebank-for-chinese-esl-learners/201198.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of ESPS and ESPST in this work?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The work designs ESPS to represent English sentence pattern structures and automatically constructs the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank (ESPST) to enable parsing for Chinese ESL learners.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is ESPST constructed in the proposed method?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"ESPST is built through rule conversion based on constituency structure, following the Sentence Diagramming theory, and the conversion results are evaluated.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What comparative experiments are conducted to validate the approach?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Two comparative experiments are conducted using a trained parser and large language models (LLMs), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the rule-based conversion approach.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},201198,1788526900,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Automatic Construction of the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank for Chinese ESL learners  \nLin Zhu1,2* Meng Xu1,2* Wenya Guo1,2 Jingsi Yu1,2 Liner Yang1,2† Zehuang Cao3 Yuan Huang2 Erhong Yang1,2  \n1National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center for Print Media,  \nBeijing Language and Culture University, China  \n2 School of Information Science, Beijing Language and Culture University, China  \n3Faculty of Foreign Studies, Beijing Language and Culture University, China  \n[lineryang@gmail.com](lineryang@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nAnalyzing long and complicated sentences has always been a priority and challenge in English learning. In order to conduct the parse of these sentences for Chinese English as Second Language (ESL) learners, we design the English Sentence Pattern Structure (ESPS) based on the Sentence Diagramming theory. Then, we automatically construct the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank (ESPST) through the method of rule conversion based on constituency structure and evaluate the conversion results. In addition, we set up two comparative experiments, using trained parser and large language models (LLMs) . The results prove that the rule-based conversion approach is effective.  \n1 Introduction  \nReading comprehension is a fundamental skill in English learning, pivotal for linguistic acquisition, critical thinking, and effective communication across various contexts. For Chinese ESL (English as a Second Language) learners, the ability to analyze complicated sentences represents both a central priority and a significant challenge in reading comprehension. To overcome this reading barrier, it is essential for learners to have a certain level of grammatical knowledge. Bernhardt (1993) believes that grammar is very crucial for second language learners’ reading ability. Alderson(1993) considers grammatical ability an important foundation for second language learners’ reading, emphasizing a vital to divide sentences into correct patterns.  \nExisting analysis tutorials for complicated English sentence typically contain only hundreds of example sentences, making it difficult for students to receive immediate and targeted feedback during practice, such as a book published by New Oriental Education, short for NOE300(Chen et al., 2019) . Automatic syntactic analysis can compensate for this by transcending the boundaries of time and space and provide unlimited sentence analysis support. Most of the current automatic English grammar parses are designed for processing simple sentences, e.g. Enpuz0 analyses sentences with an upper limit of 20 words in length. Based on these considerations, this paper conduct automatic grammar analysis of long and complicated sentences without length constraints. We adopts the widely recognized Sentence Diagramming theory, referring its more standardized approaches such as Grammar Revolution 1 and Sentence Analytics2. These methods have covered most English grammatical cases, providing vivid and detailed analysis, but their perspectives of grammar explanation are not completely suited to the learning habits of Chinese ESL learners. Therefore, we have made improvements such as grouping various clauses to-  \n*  \nEqual contribution.  \n†Corresponding author: Liner Yang  \n©2024 China National Conference on Computational Linguistics  \nPublished under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License  \nThis work was supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (No. 23YJCZH264), the funds of Research Project of the National Language Commission (No. ZDA145-17) and Education and Teaching Reform Project of Beijing Language and Culture University in 2024 (No. JXGG202403) .  \n0[https://enpuz.com](https://enpuz.com)  \n1[https://letsdiagram.com/](https://letsdiagram.com/)  \n2[https://www.sentenceanalytics.com/](https://www.sentenceanalytics.com/)  \nComputational Linguistics  \ngether, focusing on adverbial accompaniment, etc, and, des","cbCaihdCT9frDsps","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihdCT9frDsps","pdf",310160,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Reading comprehension and grammar challenge\n## Limitations of existing tutorials and parsers\n## Sentence Diagramming theory and ESPS/ESPST approach\n## Treebank construction and conversion methods","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of ESPS and ESPST in this work?\",\"answer\":\"The work designs ESPS to represent English sentence pattern structures and automatically constructs the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank (ESPST) to enable parsing for Chinese ESL learners.\"},{\"question\":\"How is ESPST constructed in the proposed method?\",\"answer\":\"ESPST is built through rule conversion based on constituency structure, following the Sentence Diagramming theory, and the conversion results are evaluated.\"},{\"question\":\"What comparative experiments are conducted to validate the approach?\",\"answer\":\"Two comparative experiments are conducted using a trained parser and large language models (LLMs), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the rule-based conversion approach.\"}]","Automatic Construction of the English Sentence Pattern Structure Treebank for Chinese ESL learners | PDF"]