[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-411065-105":59,"doc-detail-411065-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","autologous-platelet-rich-gel-for-refractory-plantar-ulcer-following-ethanol-sclerotherapy-of-peripheral-venous-malformation-a-case-report","Autologous platelet-rich gel for refractory plantar ulcer following ethanol sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformation - a Case Report","","Autologous platelet-rich gel (APG), a gelled form of autologous platelet-rich plasma, delivers growth factors in a fibrin scaffold to promote angiogenesis, granulation, and re-epithelialization. The case describes a 25-year-old woman who developed a refractory plantar ulcer with tendon exposure after combined absolute-ethanol sclerotherapy and surgical excision for a congenital peripheral venous malformation of the left foot. Microcirculatory compromise from sclerosant reflux led to full-thickness skin necrosis. After three APG applications, the ulcer area decreased by 95% and complete epithelialization occurred within one month without scar contracture, yielding excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/autologous-platelet-rich-gel-for-refractory-plantar-ulcer-following-ethanol-sclerotherapy-of-peripheral-venous-malformation-a-case-report/411065/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/autologous-platelet-rich-gel-for-refractory-plantar-ulcer-following-ethanol-sclerotherapy-of-peripheral-venous-malformation-a-case-report/411065.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why did the plantar ulcer become refractory after ethanol sclerotherapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Reflux of the sclerosant caused microcirculatory compromise, which progressed to full-thickness skin necrosis. High plantar skin tension and poor vascularity reduced the likelihood of conventional skin graft success.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) support wound healing?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"APG provides sustained release of growth factors within a fibrin scaffold. This promotes granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization while supporting hemostasis, space occupancy, and cell adhesion.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the clinical outcomes after APG treatment in this case report?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"After three APG applications, the ulcer area decreased by 95%. Complete epithelialization was achieved within one month without scar contracture, with excellent functional and cosmetic results.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},411065,1790663550,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","TYPE Case Report  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1700377  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nMona Kamal Marei,  \nAlexandria University, Egypt  \nREVIEWED BY  \nJose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico  \nAlexander Leonardo Silva Junior, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil Yanquan Liu,  \nNanchang University, China Rajkapoor Balasubramanian,  \nKarpagam Academy of Higher Education, India Yasodha Krishna Janapati,  \nUnited States International University-Africa, Kenya  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nJie Tang,  \n [tjandbetty@sc-mch.cn](tjandbetty@sc-mch.cn)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work  \nRECEIVED 13 September 2025  \nREVISED 18 November 2025  \nACCEPTED 26 November 2025  \nPUBLISHED 18 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nZhao Z, Wu S, He X, Zhang Y, Chen X and Tang J (2025) Autologous platelet-rich gel for refractory plantar ulcer following ethanol sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformation: a Case Report.  \nFront. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 13:1700377 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1700377  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Zhao, Wu, He, Zhang, Chen and Tang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nAutologous platelet-rich gel for refractory plantar ulcer following ethanol sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformation:  \na Case Report  \nZhenyu Zhao 1†, Shaohui Wu 2†, Xiaoyan He 1†, Yan Zhang 2, Xuemei Chen 1 and Jie Tang 3*  \n1Transfusion Department, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China, 2Department of Vascular Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China, 3Transfusion Department, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China/NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, China  \nPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a high concentration of growth factors that promote angiogenesis, granulation-tissue formation and re-epithelialization, thereby significantly accelerating wound healing. Autologous platelet-rich gel (APG), a gelled form of PRP, provides a sustained release of these factors within a fibrin scaffold. We report a 25-year-old woman who developed a refractory plantar ulcer with tendon exposure after combined absolute-ethanol sclerotherapy and surgical excision of a congenital venous malformation of the left foot. Reflux of the sclerosant produced microcirculatory compromise, followed by full-thickness skin necrosis. Because the plantar skin is under high tension and has a relatively poor blood supply, conventional skin grafting was deemed unlikely to succeed. APG was therefore employed as a salvage treatment. After three applications, the ulcer area had decreased by 95%, and complete epithelialization was achieved within 1 month without scar contracture. Both functional and cosmetic outcomes were excellent. This case illustrates that APG promotes granulation and re-epithelialization of intractable ulcers following sclerotherapy for venous malformations, which reducing the need for grafting and representing a valuable adjunct for wounds with tendon exposure and compromised perfusion.  \nKEYWORDS  \nautologous platelet-rich gel, venous malformation, refractory ulcer, growth factors, case report  \nIntroduction  \nPeripheral venous malformations (PVMs) are congenital low-flow vascular anomalies characterized by dilated venous sinusoids and aberrant venous channels (Van Damme et al., 2020) . Sclerotherapy with agents ","cbCaimPmvlQyjmYi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimPmvlQyjmYi","pdf",1687133,"English","# Introduction\n## Peripheral venous malformations and ulcer risk\n## Platelet-rich plasma and APG mechanism\n## Evidence for PRP in chronic wounds","[{\"question\":\"Why did the plantar ulcer become refractory after ethanol sclerotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Reflux of the sclerosant caused microcirculatory compromise, which progressed to full-thickness skin necrosis. High plantar skin tension and poor vascularity reduced the likelihood of conventional skin graft success.\"},{\"question\":\"How does autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) support wound healing?\",\"answer\":\"APG provides sustained release of growth factors within a fibrin scaffold. This promotes granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialization while supporting hemostasis, space occupancy, and cell adhesion.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the clinical outcomes after APG treatment in this case report?\",\"answer\":\"After three APG applications, the ulcer area decreased by 95%. Complete epithelialization was achieved within one month without scar contracture, with excellent functional and cosmetic results.\"}]","Autologous platelet-rich gel for refractory plantar ulcer following ethanol sclerotherapy of peripheral venous malformation - a Case Report | PDF",1790587268,18]