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A content analysis of original articles published from January 1996 through December 2006 (N=755) assessed authorship counts per manuscript and related authorship patterns. Results show no statistically significant change in the number of authors per manuscript. The study discusses the need for additional methods to detect gratuitous authorship and emphasizes adherence to ICMJE authorship criteria to ensure author eligibility.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/authorship-trends-in-the-american-journal-of-health-education-1996-2006/592191/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/authorship-trends-in-the-american-journal-of-health-education-1996-2006/592191.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main purpose for 1996–2006?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine whether there was evidence of authorship proliferation in the American Journal of Health Education during 1996–2006 and to identify other selected authorship information.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was authorship trend data collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Through a content analysis of original articles published from January 1996 through December 2006, totaling N=755, focused on authorship counts per manuscript.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find about changes in the number of authors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"There was not a statistically significant change in the number of authors per manuscript over the studied period.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592191,1792667310,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Article  \nAuthorship Trends in the American Journal of Health Education: 1996–2006  \nTeri L. Malo, David L. Hogeboom, and Robert J. McDermott  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Publication is the primary means of contributing to and establishing credibility within the scientific community. Some researchers have reported an increase in the average number of authors per manuscript for some scholarly journals in the past two decades. Whereas author proliferation may be warranted in some cases, other reasons for increasing the overall number of authors per manuscript may have more dubious motives, including gratuitous authorship for embellishing curriculum vitae. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was evidence of authorship proliferation in the American Journal of Health Education during 1996–2006. In addition, other selected authorship information was identified. Methods: A content analysis of original articles published from January 1996 through December 2006 (N=755) was performed. Results: There has not been a statistically significant change in the number of authors per manuscript for the time period studied. Discussion: Although no significant change in number of authors was found, other investigative methods may be necessary to estimate the practice of gratuitous authorship. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health educators should be cognizant of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship and endeavor to ensure that all authors meet these criteria.  \nPublication is the primary means of contributing to, and establishing credibility within, the scientific community. Some researchers conclude that there has been an increase over the past two decades in the average number of authors per manuscript.1-3 Plausible explanations for this apparent trend toward more multiple-authored papers is the increasing complexity of some of the research and the popularization of multicenter collaborations. 1,4 Whereas authorship proliferation based on these factors may be warranted, other types of author augmentation practices may have more dubious motives, including gratuitous authorship for the purpose of embellishing curriculum vitae.  \nKhan et al.5 studied one journal’s authorship trends over two decades and found that  \nthe increase in authorship over time could not be exclusively attributed to increased collaboration. Drenth6 explored authorship increase, specifically examining the contribution of senior authors. Findings suggested that the increase in multiple-author papers in one particular journal was associated with an escalation in authorship among professors and department chairpersons.  \nConcerns regarding gratuitous authorship have prompted some journals to develop specific criteria that must be met to confer authorship.7 Moreover, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)8 developed the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals to outline explicit authorship criteria: (1) substantial contribution to the study’s conception and design,  \n(2) drafting the article or revising it critically, and (3) final approval of the manuscript prior to publication. All three criteria must be met for one to be considered an author. Some journals, including the Journal of the American Medical Association, require that an authorship form outlining each author’s contributions accompany submitted manuscripts.9  \nTeri L. Malo is a doctoral student in the Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612; E-mail: tmalo@ [hsc.usf.edu. David L. Hogeboom is a research](hsc.usf.edu. David L. Hogeboom is a research)[ ](hsc.usf.edu. David L. Hogeboom is a research)[services coordinator and Robert J](services coordinator and Robert J). McDermott is a professor at the Florida Prevention Research Center, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 056, Tampa, F","cbCaij91xDKZcIyM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij91xDKZcIyM","pdf",178660,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Discussion\n## Translation to Health Education Practice\n# Main Text Overview\n## Publication credibility and author proliferation\n## ICMJE authorship criteria\n## Types of authorship (honorary, gift, ghost, guest)\n## Prior studies and prevalence concerns","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main purpose for 1996–2006?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether there was evidence of authorship proliferation in the American Journal of Health Education during 1996–2006 and to identify other selected authorship information.\"},{\"question\":\"How was authorship trend data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Through a content analysis of original articles published from January 1996 through December 2006, totaling N=755, focused on authorship counts per manuscript.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about changes in the number of authors?\",\"answer\":\"There was not a statistically significant change in the number of authors per manuscript over the studied period.\"}]","Authorship Trends in the American Journal of Health Education - 1996-2006 | PDF",1792074041,15]