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Contrary to this general trend, English learner (EL) accountability policies have maintained a strong national role in EL identification, monitoring, and reclassification. The article traces historical development and present implementation, contrasting coercive general accountability strategies with EL accountability’s use of research expertise to craft increasingly specific guidelines for meeting federal mandates. The authors conclude with implications and limits for national policy shaping.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/authority-over-power-in-english-learner-accountability-policies-maintaining-a-national-role-within-a-context-of-local-control-602180/602180/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/authority-over-power-in-english-learner-accountability-policies-maintaining-a-national-role-within-a-context-of-local-control-602180/602180.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the article describe the relationship between federal authority and local control in education reform?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The article notes renewed calls for local control due to perceived federal overreach, yet it finds that EL accountability policies have continued to operate with a strong national role.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What functions do English learner accountability policies emphasize?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They focus on EL identification, monitoring, and reclassification processes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the EL accountability approach differ from general accountability strategies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"General systems typically rely on coercive strategies tied to rewards and sanctions, while EL accountability uses research expertise to provide specific guidelines for meeting federal mandates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602180,1792432768,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| education policy analysis archives\u003Cbr>A peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal | \u003Cbr>Arizona State University |\n| --- | --- |\n| Volume 31 Number 46 May 2 , 2023 ISSN 1068-2341 |  |\n\nAuthority over Power in English Learner Accountability Policies: Maintaining a National Role within a Context of  \nLocal Control  \nNelson Flores  \nUniversity of Pennsylvania  \nErica Saldívar García  \nNew York University  \n&  \nAdam Edgerton  \nUniversity of Pennsylvania  \nUnited States  \nCitation: Flores, N., Saldívar Garcia, E., & Edgerton, A. (2023). Authority over power in English learner accountability policies: Maintaining a national role within a context of local control. Education  \nPolicy Analysis Archives, 31(46). [https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.6479](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.6479)  \nAbstract: Pushback against the perceived federal overreach into educational reform has led to renewed calls for a return to local control of schools. In contrast to this general trend, there has continued to be a strong national role for English learner (EL) accountability policies related to EL identification, monitoring and reclassification processes. In this article, we seek to bring attention to the historical development and contemporary instantiation of these EL accountability policies. The general accountability system has typically focused on coercive strategies connected to rewards and sanctions. In contrast, the EL accountability system has typically focused on harnessing the expertise of research to provide increasingly specific guidelines for how to meet federal mandates related to supporting students officially classified as ELs. This approach may help explain how national actors  \nhave been able to maintain an active role in shaping these policies without being perceived as a threat to local control. We conclude with implications for national educational actors interested in using authority to shape other areas of educational policy as well as possible limitations of this approach.  \nKeywords: English learners; policy attribute theory; ESSA; standards-based reform; accountability  \nAutoridad sobre el poder en las políticas de rendición de cuentas de los aprendices deinglés: Mantenimiento de un rol nacional dentro de un contexto de control local Resumen: El retroceso contra la percepción del extenso envolvimiento del gobierno federal en la reforma educativa ha llevado a que algunos exijan el regreso al control local de las escuelas. En contraste con esta tendencia general, continúa existiendo un rol nacional importante para las políticas de rendición de cuentas de los estudiantes aprendiendo inglés las cuales son identificación, monitorio y reclasificación de estos estudiantes. En este artículo, ponemos atención al desarrollo histórico y contemporáneo de estas políticas de los estudiantes aprendiendo inglés. Los sistemas derendición de cuentas generales se han enfocado típicamente en estrategias coercitivas conectadas arecompensas y sanciones. En contraste, políticas de rendición de cuentas de los estudiantes aprendiendo inglés se han enfocado típicamente en usar las experiencias de investigación para proveer un incremento en directrices especificas, esto con el fin de alinearse a los mandatos federales, los cuales están relacionados con el apoyo para estudiantes que están oficialmenteclasificados como estudiantes aprendiendo inglés. Este aproximamiento podría ayudar a explicarcómo los actores nacionales han podido mantener un rol activo moldeando estas políticas sin que sean percibidas como una amenaza para el control local. Concluimos con la descripción de las implicaciones para actores educativo-nacionales interesados en usar especificidad autoritativa para moldear otras áreas de las políticas educativas, como también las limitaciones posibles de esteaproximamiento.  \nPalabras claves: estudiantes aprendiendo inglés; teoría de los atributos de la política; ESSA: reforma de estándares; rendición de cuentas  \nAutor","cbCaihWMEMc5hbQy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihWMEMc5hbQy","pdf",348557,21,"English","# Abstract\n## Historical development and contemporary implementation\n## Accountability system comparison (general vs. EL-focused)\n## Implications for national educational actors","[{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the relationship between federal authority and local control in education reform?\",\"answer\":\"The article notes renewed calls for local control due to perceived federal overreach, yet it finds that EL accountability policies have continued to operate with a strong national role.\"},{\"question\":\"What functions do English learner accountability policies emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"They focus on EL identification, monitoring, and reclassification processes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the EL accountability approach differ from general accountability strategies?\",\"answer\":\"General systems typically rely on coercive strategies tied to rewards and sanctions, while EL accountability uses research expertise to provide specific guidelines for meeting federal mandates.\"}]","Authority over Power in English Learner Accountability Policies - Maintaining a National Role within a Context of Local Control | PDF",1792094175,53]