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It shows how the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) reached urban and rural women through consciousness-raising activities, helping them visualize political possibilities and value female-centred political action. Using critical discourse analysis of newspaper reports, WCTU publications, and Lee’s autobiography, it identifies learning spaces and community practices surrounding the 1891 ‘Victorian Monster Petition’, while also addressing the WCTU’s exclusion of Indigenous and non-AngloCeltic people.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/australian-journal-of-adult-learning-volume-64-number-2-july-2024/593289/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/australian-journal-of-adult-learning-volume-64-number-2-july-2024/593289.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Elsa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the paper on Victorian women’s suffrage?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on how adult and public learning pedagogy functioned in the campaign for Victorian Women’s Suffrage, through the actions of Bessie Harrison Lee and the WCTU’s outreach to urban and rural women.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did the WCTU support women’s engagement in the suffrage process?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The WCTU engaged women in transformative consciousness-raising, taught the value of female-centred political action, and helped women support each other in debate and strategic planning through meeting and learning spaces.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What sources does the paper use to identify learning spaces and practices?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It applies critical discourse analysis to newspaper reports, WCTU’s publication The White Ribbon, the Victorian Alliance’s Alliance Record, and Lee’s autobiography, including practices such as doorknocking, pamphleteering, and collecting signatures for the 1891 petition.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},593289,1792211189,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137455077381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 64, Number 2, July 2024  \nBessie Harrison Lee's fight for Victorian Women's Suffrage in the late nineteenth century: Educating urban and rural women on the democratic process  \nJennifer Caligari Deakin University  \nWe ask for suffrage that we may stand side by side with our fathers, husbands, brothers, and sons, working with them …fora noble political life for the country’s wealth. Not for a man’s place do we ask, but for the fullness of women’s. (The Argus, 1891, p. 9)  \nIn the late nineteenth century, adult and public learning pedagogy were the key instruments utilised in the campaign to achieve Victorian Women’s Suffrage. The democratic process of changing state government legislation on franchise demanded multiple pedagogical methods. Through the actions of Bessie Harrison Lee (1860-1950), this paper identifies the reaching out to urban and rural women by the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), where they engaged in a transformative exercise in consciousness-raising. This helped women visualise the possibilities of improving their lives through the democratic process. The WCTU taught Lee the value offemalecentred political action. The WCTU and Lee’s involvement successfully influenced the suffrage debate and contributed to the emerging  \n186 Jennifer Caligari  \ninternational women’s culture (McLean & Baroud, 2020, p. 506). Part of this culture featured Australian women adopting the petition as apolitical instrument. The petition had already had a long history in Britain, used by groups with little political influence. Ian Fletcher's conception of the British Empire as \"a set of relations, rather than the sum of their parts, as frameworks structuring political, economic and cultural exchanges between metropole and colonies\" is useful in understanding how political ideas travelled to and were adapted in the Australian context (Fletcher, Levine & Mayall, 2012, p. xiv).  \nThis paper argues that new ways of knowing were made possible by Lee, who, empowered by the evangelical faith (her cultural capital) spoke out confidently in public spaces such as town halls, outside public bars, and on the front doorsteps of women’s homes in both cities and rural towns. These spaces were the places of learning, or as Bourdieu described, the field. Also, the meeting places ofthe WCTU, whether private lounge rooms or church halls, enabled women to support eachother in the political process of debate, addressing community issues, and devising strategic plans to improve the lives of women.  \nThrough critical discourse analysis of newspaper reports, WCTU’s publication The White Ribbon, the Victorian Alliance publication Alliance Record, and Lee’s autobiography, this paper identifies these learning spaces. It also explores the community of practice in WCTU meetings, doorknocking, pamphleteering and the physical act of collecting signatures for the 1891 ‘Victorian Monster Petition’. The language and actions used to enact democratic activity that involves women in ways of saying, doing, and being full citizens are unlocked; however, the WCTU was exclusionary of Indigenous and non-AngloCeltic ancestry. Therefore, their learning spaces were complicit in the Great Silence (Stanner, 1968).  \nKeywords: Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, adult learning pedagogy, public pedagogy, Monster Petition, evangelicalism, social movements, Bourdieu  \nBessie Harrison Lee's fight for Victorian Women's Suffrage in the late nineteenth century: 187 Educating urban and rural women on the democratic process  \nIntroduction and background to the research  \nBessie Harrison Lee was born in Daylesford Victoria during the peak of the gold rush in 1860 (Lee, 1900, p. 4). Her mother tragically died of consumption and so, at the age of eight, her father took Lee to be cared for by an aunt and uncle in the inner-city suburb of Footscray. Initially, they smothered Lee with loving kindness, but as time passed, cracks in their family","cbCaikz2nJnNr7xQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikz2nJnNr7xQ","pdf",209316,22,"English","# Introduction and background to the research\n## Victorian suffrage, pedagogy, and learning spaces\n## WCTU outreach, consciousness-raising, and democratic education\n## Petition practices and critical discourse analysis\n## Limits and exclusions in learning communities","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the paper on Victorian women’s suffrage?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on how adult and public learning pedagogy functioned in the campaign for Victorian Women’s Suffrage, through the actions of Bessie Harrison Lee and the WCTU’s outreach to urban and rural women.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the WCTU support women’s engagement in the suffrage process?\",\"answer\":\"The WCTU engaged women in transformative consciousness-raising, taught the value of female-centred political action, and helped women support each other in debate and strategic planning through meeting and learning spaces.\"},{\"question\":\"What sources does the paper use to identify learning spaces and practices?\",\"answer\":\"It applies critical discourse analysis to newspaper reports, WCTU’s publication The White Ribbon, the Victorian Alliance’s Alliance Record, and Lee’s autobiography, including practices such as doorknocking, pamphleteering, and collecting signatures for the 1891 petition.\"}]","Australian Journal of Adult Learning - Volume 64 - Number 2 - July 2024 | PDF",1792076987,55]