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The article argues CBT’s societal roots lie in the United States during the 1950s–1970s amid concerns about education quality, leading to movements such as Performance-Based Teacher Education. It further identifies theoretical foundations in behaviorism and systems theory influencing US educational debate.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/australian-journal-of-adult-learning-the-origins-of-competency-based-training/594348/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/australian-journal-of-adult-learning-the-origins-of-competency-based-training/594348.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the article trying to explain about CBT?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It traces the origins of competency-based training by distinguishing societal origins from theoretical ones, and links them to how CBT functions in Australia’s vocational education context.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Where does the article say CBT’s societal origins began?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues that CBT’s societal origins are in the United States during the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, shaped by public debate and government initiatives about education quality.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What theoretical foundations does the article identify for CBT?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It states that CBT’s theoretical origins derive principally from behaviorism and systems theory, which influenced educational debate in the United States during the formative period of CBT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594348,1792211204,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 47, Number 2, July 2007  \nThe origins of competency-based training  \nSteven Hodge  \nPhD candidate, School of Education University of South Australia  \nThis article attempts to trace the origins of competency-based training (CBT), the theory of vocational education that underpins the National Training Framework in Australia. A distinction is made between societal and theoretical origins. This paper argues that CBT has its societal origins in the United States of America during the 1950s, 60s and 70s. Public debate and government initiatives centred on the widely held view that there was a problem with the quality of education in the United States. One of the responses to this crisis was the Performance-Based Teacher Education movement which synthesised the theory of education that became CBT. The theoretical origins of CBT derive principally from behaviourism and systems theory – two broad theoretical orientations that influenced educational debate in the United States during the formative period of CBT. Most of the component parts of CBT were contributed by specialists with a background in one or both of these theoretical orientations.  \n180 Steven Hodge  \nIntroduction  \nThe Australian National Training Framework – the governmentendorsed national system of vocational education and training (VET)–rests on the principles of competency-based training (CBT) . However, contemporary practitioners within Australia’s VET system are often only vaguely aware that CBT was once a hotly contested issue. Furthermore, training practitioners often do not know the societal and theoretical origins of CBT. But these origins are not necessarily of mere historical interest. Although CBT appears tobe something of a ‘given’ in the Australian VET scene, it remains an essentially volatile system set within a dynamic context. As the needs ofVET stakeholders change and as research and practice in VET reveal new problems and possibilities, CBT will change and potentially transform. When this occurs the ‘genetics’ of CBT will playa part in the shape it eventually takes.  \nHowever, at this stage there are few resources for researchers on the history of CBT. In the clamorous rush to implement CBT, there has been little effort to chronicle the genesis of the movement. A few pages can be found in synoptic works by authors such as Houston (1974), Norton, Harrington and Gill (1978), Tuxworth (1989) and Harris, Guthrie, Hobart and Lundberg (1995), but these accounts are mostly sketches designed to contextualise substantial treatments of problems of interpretation and implementation. The present article represents an attempt to amplify and structure the accounts found in these and other texts in order to trace the genetics of CBT. Content analysis was applied to a body of texts from the 1950s, 60s and 70s to confirm the indications supplied by Tuxworth (1989) and Harris et al.(1995) regarding the early phase of CBT development and to guide the articulation of the discussion.  \nThe following discussion is structured by a distinction between societal and theoretical origins of CBT. This distinction is introduced because a treatment of the theoretical underpinnings alone would  \nThe origins of competency-based training 181  \nnot account for the synthetic unity displayed by the system of CBT. There is no single theoretical principle that serves to integrate the various aspects of CBT. However, an understanding of the political and social forces at work in the formation of CBT helps to explain the juxtaposition of theoretical elements that characterises the CBT system in use today. The metaphor of genetics applies most obviously to theoretical origins in that it is the theoretical components of CBT that manifest in the contemporary Australian VET system.  \nYet it should not be forgotten that CBT is an amalgam of separate theoretical components alloyed in the crucible of powerful political forces, and that responsiveness to s","cbCaic2xyZquhvGY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic2xyZquhvGY","pdf",212961,31,"English","# Introduction\n# Societal origins of competency-based training\n## Political and social determinants","[{\"question\":\"What is the article trying to explain about CBT?\",\"answer\":\"It traces the origins of competency-based training by distinguishing societal origins from theoretical ones, and links them to how CBT functions in Australia’s vocational education context.\"},{\"question\":\"Where does the article say CBT’s societal origins began?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that CBT’s societal origins are in the United States during the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, shaped by public debate and government initiatives about education quality.\"},{\"question\":\"What theoretical foundations does the article identify for CBT?\",\"answer\":\"It states that CBT’s theoretical origins derive principally from behaviorism and systems theory, which influenced educational debate in the United States during the formative period of CBT.\"}]","Australian Journal of Adult Learning - The origins of competency-based training | PDF",1792078989,78]