[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-297056-105":59,"doc-detail-297056-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","australian-bushfire-emissions-result-in-enhanced-polar-stratospheric-ice-clouds","Australian Bushfire Emissions Result in Enhanced Polar Stratospheric Ice Clouds","","Extreme Australian bushfire events enhance climate change by releasing greenhouse gases, weakening carbon sinks, and causing major economic and human losses. The 2019/2020 black summer injected large aerosol and gas amounts into the stratosphere and contributed to ozone depletion. This study examines how bushfire aerosols affect polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation and related stratospheric chemistry. Aura microwave limb sounder data show increased dinitrogen pentoxide hydrolysis, raising nitric acid (HNO3). A lidar-based retrieval identifies that enhanced HNO3 condenses on bushfire aerosols, producing 82% LNAT and converting 77% to ice, yielding anomalously extensive ice PSC coverage. Findings clarify key formation pathways supporting improved climate-model simulations and denitrification processes, with implications for future wildfire frequency and PSC expansion.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/australian-bushfire-emissions-result-in-enhanced-polar-stratospheric-ice-clouds/297056/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/australian-bushfire-emissions-result-in-enhanced-polar-stratospheric-ice-clouds/297056.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jake","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What event is studied and when did it occur?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study focuses on an extreme Australian bushfire event during 2019/2020, referred to as the black summer or Australian New Year (ANY) event.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What satellite-based evidence supports the chemistry changes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Aura’s microwave limb sounder reveals enhanced hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide, which significantly increases nitric acid (HNO3) in the high-latitude lower stratosphere in early 2020.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do bushfire aerosols influence PSC formation pathways?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Enhanced HNO3 condenses on bushfire aerosols, forming 82% of Liquid Nitric Acid Trihydrate (LNAT), which rapidly converts to 77% ice, producing anomalously large areal coverage of ice PSCs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},297056,1789740004,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084928904,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","[https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849)[ ](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849)Preprint. Discussion started: 8 July 2024  \n􀀍c Author(s) 2024 . CC BY 4.0 License.  \nAustralian Bushfire Emissions Result in Enhanced Polar Stratospheric Ice Clouds  \nSrinivasan Prasanth 1,2, Narayana Sarma Anand3, Kudilil Sunilkumar2, Subin Jose4, Kenath Arun 1, Sreedharan K. Satheesh2,5,6, and Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy5  \n5 1Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India  \n2Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 3School of Earth, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India  \n4Department of Physics, Newman College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India  \n10 5Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 6DST-Centre of Excellence in Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Correspondence: Prasanth S. ([prasanthphy57@gmail.com](prasanthphy57@gmail.com))  \nAbstract  \nExtreme bushfire events amplify climate change by emitting greenhouse gases and destroying carbon sinks while  \n15 causing economic damage through property destruction and even fatalities. One such bushfire occurred in Australia during 2019/2020, injecting large amounts of aerosols and gases into the stratosphere and depleting the ozone layer. While previous studies focused on the drivers behind ozone depletion, the bushfire impact on the polar stratospheric clouds (PSC), a paramount factor in ozone depletion, has not been extensively investigated so far. This study focuses on the effects of bushfire aerosols on the dynamics and stratospheric chemistry related to  \n20 the PSC formation and its pathways. An analysis from Aura's microwave limb sounder revealed enhanced hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide significantly increased nitric acid (HNO3) in the high-latitude lower stratosphere in early 2020. Using a novel methodology which retrieves formation pathways of PSCs from spaceborne lidar observations, we found that the enhanced HNO3 condensed on bushfire aerosols, forming 82 % of Liquid Nitric Acid Trihydrate (LNAT), which rapidly converted to 77 % of ice, resulting in an anomalous high  \n25 areal coverage of ice PSCs. This highlights the primary formation pathways of ice and LNAT and possibly helps us to simulate the PSC formation and denitrification process better in climate models. As tropospheric warming is anticipated to increase the frequency of extreme wildfire events and stratospheric cooling is expected to expand the PSC areal coverage, these findings will contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of the impacts of extreme wildfire events on stratospheric chemistry and PSC dynamics.  \n30 Keywords: Aerosols; Australian Bushfire; Formation pathways; Polar Stratospheric Clouds; Stratospheric chemistry  \n[https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849)[ ](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1849)Preprint. Discussion started: 8 July 2024  \n􀀍c Author(s) 2024 . CC BY 4.0 License.  \n1 Introduction  \nSoutheast Australia, comprising the states of New South Wales and Victoria, faced an extreme bushfire event from September 2019 to February 2020, which is widely recognized as the black summer or Australian New Year  \n35 (ANY) event and has been extensively studied (Allen et al., 2020; Deb et al., 2020; Schwartz et al., 2020; Changet al., 2021; Rieger et al., 2021; Tencé et al., 2021, 2022; Heinold et al., 2022; Sellitto et al., 2022;) . This catastrophic event injected substantial amounts of aerosols, between 0.4 and 2 Tg, into the southern hemispheric lower stratosphere (Khaykin et al., 2020; Hirsch and Koren, 2021; Heinold et al., 2022; Tencé et al., 2022); which composed of 2.5 % black carbon and 97.5 % organic carbon (Yu et al., 202","cbCaidP804TmUZIV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidP804TmUZIV","pdf",1777353,25,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What event is studied and when did it occur?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on an extreme Australian bushfire event during 2019/2020, referred to as the black summer or Australian New Year (ANY) event.\"},{\"question\":\"What satellite-based evidence supports the chemistry changes?\",\"answer\":\"Aura’s microwave limb sounder reveals enhanced hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide, which significantly increases nitric acid (HNO3) in the high-latitude lower stratosphere in early 2020.\"},{\"question\":\"How do bushfire aerosols influence PSC formation pathways?\",\"answer\":\"Enhanced HNO3 condenses on bushfire aerosols, forming 82% of Liquid Nitric Acid Trihydrate (LNAT), which rapidly converts to 77% ice, producing anomalously large areal coverage of ice PSCs.\"}]","Australian Bushfire Emissions Result in Enhanced Polar Stratospheric Ice Clouds | PDF",63]