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The text then distinguishes optical astronomers and outlines their goal of achieving the best view of celestial objects.",{"@graph":14,"@context":65},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aurora-polaris-introduction/436751/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/aurora-polaris-introduction/436751.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aran","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are optical astronomers and optical astronomy?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Astronomers who use visible light to study space are called optical astronomers, and their field is called optical astronomy. Their work focuses on getting the best possible view of space using light.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":67,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":69,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":71,"site_id":7},436751,1791446828,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"success",[76,80,83,87,92,97,102,107,112,115,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":77,"show_sort_weight":78,"slug":79},"Story & 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Credits:Cover:Adastra/Getty;pp.2-3:Rovalty-Free/Corbis  \u003Cbr>p.4:John Heseltine/Corbis;pp.5,8:Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis;pp.6-7:Tony   |\n| --- |\n|  |\n| Randazzo;p.12:Denis Scott/Corbis;p.16:Myron Jay Dorf/Corbis   |\n|  |\n| Copyright Cby Harcourt,Inc.   |\n| All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in  \u003Cbr>any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopy,recording,   |\n|  |\n| or any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the  \u003Cbr>publisher.   |\n|  |\n| Requests for permission to make copies of anv part of the work should be addressed to  \u003Cbr>School Permissions and Copyriqhts,Harcourt,Inc.,6277 Sea Harbor Drive,Orlando  \u003Cbr>Florida 32887-6777.Fax:407-345-2418.   |\n|  |\n|  |\n| HARCOURT and the Harcourt Loqo are trademarks of Harcourt,Inc.,reaistered in the  \u003Cbr>United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.  \u003Cbr>Printed in Mexico.  \u003Cbr>ISBN 0-15-344065-1  \u003Cbr>23456789101261009080706   |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nby Mark Fara  \nSHarcourt  \nSCHOOL PUBLISHERS  \nOrlando Austin New York San Diego Toronto London  \n# Introduction\n\nSuppose that it is thousands of years ago,long before skyscrapers orstreetlights.Your home is a cave,and the only light in your cave comesfrom a fire.You never flip a light switch or see a light bulb becauseelectricity has not been discovered yet.  \nIt is nighttime,and you are bored.You decide to take a walk outside.You take a torch with you to light your way.But as you reach the edge ofa nearby field,a breeze blows out your torch.  \nAt first you are nervous about suddenly being in the dark.But thenyou look up.The sky looks like an enormous black dome filled with bitsof light.There are no clouds,and no moon is visible.But there are somany bits of light in the sky that you could never count them all.Youreyes adjust.The longer you look,the more you notice.They are stars,ofcourse.But there are other objects,too—faint,hazy somethings that looklike faraway clouds.Now and then you see something bright shoot acrossthe heavens and then vanish.You might see something that looks likehuge illuminated bedsheets flapping slowly on an invisible clothesline.This is what people now call the aurora polaris,or polar lights.  \nOuter space is fascinating.For thousands of years,people have  \nwondered what is out there and have tried to find out.Some people havebuilt buildings called observatories to help them watch and learn aboutthe stars.The scientists who use them are called astronomers,and thescience of studying things in the sky is called astronomy.  \nToday,astronomers have many different technologies for studyingobjects in space.They use X-rays,radio waves,infrared rays,and  \nultraviolet rays.Scientists send satellites into orbit to collect informationand send probes to distant planets to do experiments and send back data.Even with all of these new technologies,however,astronomers oftenrely on the original method for observing the sky:looking at objectswith visible light.Most satellites and space probes have cameras thattake photographs in visible light and send them back for us to see.Mostobservatories have telescopes that allow astronomers to look at the skywith their own eyes or set up cameras to take photographs for them.  \nAstronomers who use visible light to study space are called opticalastronomers,and their job is called optical astronomy.They do everythingthey can to get the best possible view of things in space using light.Youmight say that they stand on tiptoe at the top of the world,trying to seefarther into space than anyone else ever has.  \n# The First Optical Astronomers\n\nUntil very recently,all astronomers were optical astronomers.Youmay have heard of a place in England called Stonehenge.Did you knowthat many archaeologists think that Stonehenge was an ancient spaceobservatory?The stones of Stonehenge were arranged in a pattern t","cbCaitHyyxrOe0dh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitHyyxrOe0dh","pdf",2150950,"English","# Introduction\n# The First Optical Astronomers\n# Constellations","[{\"question\":\"What are optical astronomers and optical astronomy?\",\"answer\":\"Astronomers who use visible light to study space are called optical astronomers, and their field is called optical astronomy. Their work focuses on getting the best possible view of space using light.\"}]","Aurora Polaris - Introduction | PDF",1790678932,31]