[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-434033-105":59,"doc-detail-434033-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","augmented-reality-guided-pedicle-screw-fixation-an-experimental-study","Augmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study","","Augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) feasibility and accuracy were evaluated using a custom-developed head-mounted display with optical tracking in a porcine cadaveric lumbar model. Five cadaveric spines received 50 pedicle screws, and accuracy was assessed on postoperative computed tomography by entry point deviation, screw-trajectory deviation, and axial angular difference, classified with the Gertzbein-Robbins system. Results showed 94% grade A and 6% grade B accuracy, with no unsafe C–E placements. Mean entry deviation was 0.55 mm and mean tip deviation 0.71 mm, with mean angular deviation 2.04° and 2.2 minutes per screw.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/augmented-reality-guided-pedicle-screw-fixation-an-experimental-study/434033/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/augmented-reality-guided-pedicle-screw-fixation-an-experimental-study/434033.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the experimental study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a custom-developed augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) system in a porcine spine model.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was screw placement accuracy measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Accuracy was assessed on postoperative computed tomography by measuring entry point deviation, trajectory deviation, and angular difference, and evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins classification.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main accuracy outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Among 50 placed screws, 47 (94%) achieved grade A accuracy and 3 (6%) were grade B, with minor breaches less than 2 mm. 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Yeom1  \n1Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea  \n2School of Information Convergence, College of Software and Convergence, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Orthopaedics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea  \nAugmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study  \nResults  \nTechnical accuracy measurements   \n– 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50  \nError (mm)  \nMean entry point deviation 0.55 mm  \n0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0  \nError (°)  \nMean axial angular deviation 2.04°  \n0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50  \nError (mm)  \nMean deviation atthe screw tip 0.71 mm  \n94% Grade A accuracy  \n6% Grade B accuracy  \nNo unsafe placements (grades C–E) occurred  \nAverage placement time per screw  \n2.2 minutes  \nCONCLUSION  \nThe custom-developed ARPSF system demonstrated high accuracy for pediclescrew placement in a porcine model, achieving submillimeter precision and minimal angular deviation.  \nSang-Min Park et al. Asian Spine J. 2025;19(6): 896-903.  \n[doi.org/10.31616/asj.2025.0163](doi.org/10.31616/asj.2025.0163)  \nReceived Mar 18, 2025; Revised Apr 9, 2025; Accepted May 12, 2025  \nCorresponding author: Sang-Min Park  \nSpine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea  \nTel: +82-31-787-7208, Fax: +82-31-787-4056, E-mail: [psmini@naver.com](psmini@naver.com)  \nCopyright Ⓒ 2025 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nAsian Spine Journal • pISSN 1976-1902 eISSN 1976-7846 • [www.asianspinejournal.org](www.asianspinejournal.org)  \nAugmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study  \nSang-Min Park1, Dongjoon Kim2, Jiwon Park3, Ho-Joong Kim1, Jin S. Yeom1  \nStudy Design: Cadaveric experimental study.  \nPurpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a custom-developed augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) system in a porcine spine model.  \nOverview of Literature: Conventional pedicle screw placement techniques face limitations including potential inaccuracy, radiation exposure, and workflow disruption. Augmented reality technology can overlay virtual surgical planning directly onto the operative field while maintaining the surgeon’s focus on the patient.  \nMethods: Five porcine cadaveric lumbar spines were used in this study. A custom-developed head-mounted display system with optical tracking projected three-dimensional reconstructed spine models and planned screw trajectories into the surgeon’s field of view. A single experienced spine surgeon placed 50 pedicle screws (4 .5 mm diameter) . Registration was performed using a point-pair matching technique with fifteen anatomical landmarks. Accuracy was assessed via postoperative computed tomography scan, measuring entry point deviation, trajectory deviation, and angular difference, and evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins classification.  \nResults: Of the 50 pedicle screws placed, 47 (94%) achieved grade A accuracy with complete containment within the pedicle. The remaining th","cbCaiqnfF9xxjUNw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqnfF9xxjUNw","pdf",1788199,"English","# Results\n## Technical accuracy measurements\n# Conclusion\n# Methods\n# Introduction\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the experimental study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a custom-developed augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) system in a porcine spine model.\"},{\"question\":\"How was screw placement accuracy measured?\",\"answer\":\"Accuracy was assessed on postoperative computed tomography by measuring entry point deviation, trajectory deviation, and angular difference, and evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins classification.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main accuracy outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Among 50 placed screws, 47 (94%) achieved grade A accuracy and 3 (6%) were grade B, with minor breaches less than 2 mm. No unsafe placements (grades C–E) occurred.\"}]","Augmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study | PDF",1790666652]