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Existing inspection approaches such as laser scanning and redlining are labor-intensive and insufficient for smaller, variably shaped elements. This study investigates Augmented Reality (AR) for inspecting secondary components in healthcare construction. A UK case study in patient rooms identifies 25 design deviations, demonstrating improved inspection accuracy and efficiency, and recommends integrating AR into current workflows with further work on scalability, cost-benefit, and standardized protocols.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/augmented-reality-for-enhanced-inspection-of-secondary-building-components-in-healthcare-facilities-a-case-study/664639/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/augmented-reality-for-enhanced-inspection-of-secondary-building-components-in-healthcare-facilities-a-case-study/664639.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why are secondary building components important during healthcare facility handover?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"They strongly affect patient safety, accessibility, and infection control, and their proper alignment with design specifications is critical for operations.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What challenges limit current inspection methods like laser scanning and redlining?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Laser scanning creates large point-cloud files and can reduce BIM software performance, while redlining is time-consuming, error-prone, and less able to precisely describe onsite changes.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What did the UK case study find when using AR for inspection?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The inspection identified 25 deviations from design in patient rooms, supporting AR’s effectiveness in improving inspection accuracy and efficiency.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},664639,1793264785,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":46},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","AUGMENTED REALITY FOR ENHANCED INSPECTION OF SECONDARY BUILDING COMPONENTS IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY  \nKhalid Amin, Grant Mills, Karim Farghaly, and Duncan Wilson  \nUniversity College London, London, UK  \nAbstract  \nHealthcare facilities require strict safety and efficiency standards, yet secondary building components are often overlooked during handover. Existing methods like laser scanning and redlining are time-consuming and inadequate for inspecting secondary components. This article explores using Augmented Reality (AR) in inspecting secondary components in healthcare construction projects. A case study in a UK project is presented, where secondary components in patient rooms are inspected. The inspection identified 25 deviations from design, highlighting the effectiveness of AR in enhancing inspection accuracy and efficiency. The study recommends integrating AR into existing inspection workflows and further research on scalability, costbenefit, and standardized protocols.  \nIntroduction  \nThe design and construction of healthcare facilities are complex endeavors, primarily focused on patient safety, comfort, and efficient care delivery. Sophisticated design, unique infrastructure requirements, and strict adherence to standards and regulations significantly contribute to this complexity (Choi et al., 2018) . While primary building components often receive considerable attention during design and construction, secondary building components are equally critical during the operational stage. Elements such as partitions, doors, and windows substantially influence a building's environment and functionality (Adán et al., 2018) . Secondary components linked to Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) services—including sinks, toilets, and electrical outlets—are particularly vital for operations (Teo et al., 2022) . Their strategic placement and arrangement significantly impact patient safety, accessibility, and infection control. However, inspecting these components against design specifications during handover is frequently overlooked and has received limited research attention to date (Adánet al., 2018; Seddighi et al., 2024) .  \nEfforts to capture the as-built status of building objects have primarily focused on identifying and modeling large structural elements, such as walls, floors, and columns. For MEP systems, these efforts have centered on pipe  \nrecognition and positioning, primarily using laser scanning and photogrammetry (Adán et al., 2018) . These technologies rely on generating point clouds of built objects and updating design models accordingly (Mihić et al., 2023) . Alternatively, redline markups is a predominant workflow where users use red pens to mark changes, corrections or annotations on printed drawings, indicating alterations to the original design, notes about specific objects, or feedback from project stakeholders (Reja et al., 2022) . These methods struggle to capture smaller, variably shaped secondary building components (Wang et al., 2022) .  \nPoint cloud models generated from 3D laser scanning often have massive file sizes, requiring substantial data storage (Qu & Sun, 2015) . Additionally, integrating point cloud models into BIM authoring tools significantly degrades software performance, even on high-end computers (UNDET, 2023) . Furthermore, point cloud models lack a shared coordinate system with design models, necessitating manual alignment using \"Move\"and \"Rotate\" commands—a process that may compromise the accuracy of the resulting as-built model (Hitech BIM Services, 2022) . Another limitation is that laser scanning cannot be configured to ignore minor deviations within permissible tolerances, even when such variations have no impact on as-built model quality (Mirzaei et al., 2022) . These challenges apply universally, whether using static (terrestrial), mobile, or airborne laser scanning. On the other hand, redlining workflow is time-consuming, errorprone, and incapable of accur","cbCaislJXVdqddhi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaislJXVdqddhi","pdf",818046,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Focus on Secondary Building Components\n## Limitations of Laser Scanning and Redlining\n## Role of AR with BIM\n# BIM-based AR\n## AR Capabilities and Applications\n## Research Questions","[{\"question\":\"Why are secondary building components important during healthcare facility handover?\",\"answer\":\"They strongly affect patient safety, accessibility, and infection control, and their proper alignment with design specifications is critical for operations.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges limit current inspection methods like laser scanning and redlining?\",\"answer\":\"Laser scanning creates large point-cloud files and can reduce BIM software performance, while redlining is time-consuming, error-prone, and less able to precisely describe onsite changes.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the UK case study find when using AR for inspection?\",\"answer\":\"The inspection identified 25 deviations from design in patient rooms, supporting AR’s effectiveness in improving inspection accuracy and efficiency.\"}]","AUGMENTED REALITY FOR ENHANCED INSPECTION OF SECONDARY BUILDING COMPONENTS IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES - A CASE STUDY | PDF"]