[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-460893-105":59,"doc-detail-460893-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","atypical-chest-wall-cystic-hygroma-in-a-toddler-a-case-report-and-comprehensive-review","Atypical Chest Wall Cystic Hygroma in a Toddler - A Case Report and Comprehensive Review","","Lymphangiomas, also called cystic hygromas, are rare benign lymphatic malformations, usually in the head and neck. Chest wall involvement in children is exceptionally uncommon. This report describes a three-year-old boy with a progressively enlarging right breast mass after uncontrolled topical creams and massage. Mild prolactin elevation normalized after surgery. Imaging showed multiple cystic lesions, a dominant 26 mm cyst and a 51 × 26 mm chest wall mass with ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Histopathology confirmed lymphangioma with cavernous and capillary-type spaces, no mammary tissue, and excluded cancer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/atypical-chest-wall-cystic-hygroma-in-a-toddler-a-case-report-and-comprehensive-review/460893/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/atypical-chest-wall-cystic-hygroma-in-a-toddler-a-case-report-and-comprehensive-review/460893.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What condition does the case report ultimately diagnose?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The final diagnosis is lymphangioma (cystic hygroma), confirmed by comprehensive histopathological examination. No mammary tissue was detected and cancer was excluded.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What imaging findings were described in the report?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Ultrasonography showed multiple cystic lesions with the largest measuring 26 mm and an enlarged right axillary lymph node. CT demonstrated a well-defined oval mass in the right chest wall measuring 51 × 26 mm.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How did the patient’s prolactin levels and recovery progress after treatment?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Laboratory tests showed mild prolactin elevation that normalized after surgery. Subsequent evaluations over one week indicated full recovery with normalized prolactin levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},460893,1790794829,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Review began 11/04/2025  \nReview ended 12/05/2025  \nPublished 12/10/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nAskar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98881  \nOpen Access Case Report  \nAtypical Chest Wall Cystic Hygroma in a Toddler: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review  \nAyed S. Askar 1, Shrouk F. Mohamed 2 , Ahmed Taha 2, Muhammad Obeydan 3, Safi Nassan 4  \n1. Surgery, Idlib University Hospital, Idlib, SYR 2. Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, EGY 3. Pediatrics, Idlib University, Idlib, SYR 4. Pediatric Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU  \nCorresponding author: Shrouk F. Mohamed, [shroukfawze31@gmail.com](shroukfawze31@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nLymphangiomas, also known as cystic hygromas, are rare benign lymphatic malformations that typically occur in the head and neck region. Breast or chest wall involvement in pediatric patients is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of a three-year-old boy who presented with a progressively enlarging right breast mass. Unsupervised topical creams and massage led to further enlargement. Laboratory investigations showed mild elevation in prolactin levels, which normalized after surgery. Ultrasonography demonstrated multiple cystic lesions, the largest of which was oval and measured 26 mm in diameter, along with an enlarged right axillary lymph node. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined oval mass (51 × 26 mm) in the right chest wall. The patient underwent surgical excision, and a complete histopathological examination was performed. Histopathological examination revealed multiple lymphatic spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells forming a tumorous mass, with both cavernous and capillary-type lumens. The diagnosis of lymphangioma was confirmed. No mammary tissue was detected, and cancer was excluded. Subsequent evaluations over one week indicated full recovery with normalized prolactin levels. This case underscores the necessity of including lymphangioma in the differential diagnosis of young chest wall tumors. Although this condition is uncommon, early detection and appropriate surgical intervention result in favorable outcomes with a low chance of recurrence.  \nCategories: Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics  \nKeywords: breast, chest wall tumor, lymphangioma, macro-cystic hygroma, young child  \nIntroduction  \nLymphangiomas, also known as cystic hygromas, are congenital benign malformations of the lymphatic system. Their occurrence is due to obstruction of lymphatic pathways or the presence of sequestrated lymphatic sacs, resulting in the accumulation of lymph within cystically dilated channels that do not connect with other lymphatic capillaries or veins [1] . These lesions are hamartomatous proliferations of lymphatic vessels, predominantly diagnosed in childhood, with approximately 75% located in the neck and 20% in the axillary area [1,2] . Chest wall involvement is exceptionally rare, making diagnosis in this location more challenging [2] .  \nGynecomastia is a benign swelling in the male breast caused by glandular tissue proliferation. It is more common in infancy, adolescence, and middle-aged to elderly men. Prepubertal gynecomastia is uncommon and generally considered pathological, necessitating investigation for an underlying estrogen source. Although hyperestrogenemia can be endogenous or exogenous, the majority of patients with prepubertal gynecomastia have normal serum sex steroid concentrations, and no identifiable cause has been found  \n[3] . Clinically, chest wall lymphatic malformations may mimic gynecomastia or other breast masses, and distinguishing between these conditions is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management [2] .  \nBr","cbCaigJjH9614sNg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigJjH9614sNg","pdf",5423386,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Case Presentation\n# How to cite this article","[{\"question\":\"What condition does the case report ultimately diagnose?\",\"answer\":\"The final diagnosis is lymphangioma (cystic hygroma), confirmed by comprehensive histopathological examination. No mammary tissue was detected and cancer was excluded.\"},{\"question\":\"What imaging findings were described in the report?\",\"answer\":\"Ultrasonography showed multiple cystic lesions with the largest measuring 26 mm and an enlarged right axillary lymph node. CT demonstrated a well-defined oval mass in the right chest wall measuring 51 × 26 mm.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the patient’s prolactin levels and recovery progress after treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Laboratory tests showed mild prolactin elevation that normalized after surgery. Subsequent evaluations over one week indicated full recovery with normalized prolactin levels.\"}]","Atypical Chest Wall Cystic Hygroma in a Toddler - A Case Report and Comprehensive Review | PDF",1790760003]