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Using a quantitative design with convenience sampling, data were collected from 153 graduates majoring in English fields through an oral communicative ability test and a 20-item strategy checklist. Results show longer non-use increases oral attrition risk; watching subtitled English movies and listening to English songs were most frequent, while speaking with Turkish friends was least common.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/attrition-of-oral-communicative-ability-among-english-language-graduates-in-turkey-article/590044/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/attrition-of-oral-communicative-ability-among-english-language-graduates-in-turkey-article/590044.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the focus of the study on Turkish EFL graduates?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study focuses on how the period of English non-use relates to attrition of oral communicative ability, and on the strategies graduates use to maintain their ability.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was data collected for this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data were collected from 153 Turkish graduates using a test of oral communicative ability and a checklist covering 20 language maintenance strategies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results indicate about English non-use and oral ability?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The longer the period of language non-use, the more likely oral communicative ability attrition occurs among Turkish EFL graduates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590044,1792121083,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Attrition of Oral Communicative Ability among English Language Graduates in Turkey\u003Cbr>Mohammadreza Valizadeh*\u003Cbr>Department of Translation and Interpretation (English), Faculty of Humanities, Cappadocia University, Cappadocia, Turkey Corresponding Author: Mohammadreza Valizadeh, [E-mail: mrvalizadeh2015@gmail.com](E-mail: mrvalizadeh2015@gmail.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO\u003Cbr>Article history\u003Cbr>Received: December 17, 2020\u003Cbr>Accepted: January 09, 2021\u003Cbr>Published: February 28, 2021\u003Cbr>Volume: 12 Issue: 1\u003Cbr>Advance access: February 2021 Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None\u003Cbr>Keywords:\u003Cbr>Turkish EFL Graduates,\u003Cbr>Attrition of Oral Communicative Ability, Period of English Non-use, Language Maintenance Strategies | ABSTRACT |\n|  | This study explored the relationship between the period of Turkish EFL (English as a Foreign Language) graduates’ not using English as well as their ages with the attrition of their oral communicative ability. The study also indicated the language maintenance strategies the Turkish EFL graduates pursue to prevent the attrition of their oral communicative ability. To investigate the issues, the present study used a quantitative design and the convenience sampling. The participants included 153 Turkish graduates majoring in English fields. A test of oral communicative ability as well as a checklist including 20 ‘Language Maintenance Strategies’were used to collect the required data. The results showed that the longer the period of language non-use, the more likely the attrition of oral communicative abilities of Turkish EFL graduates will occur. As for the language maintenance strategies, the item ‘watching movies with its corresponding subtitle in English’ was the most frequent, followed by ‘listening to English songs’, whereas ‘speaking in English with Turkish friends’ was the least frequent one, and this was followed by ‘speaking in English with foreigners’. The study highly recommends enhancing the conditions and quality of the EFL teacher education programs in Turkey. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThe issue of non-pathological Foreign Language (FL) attrition, defined as FL learners’ loss of their linguistic knowledge or skills when they end or stop their formal language learning (Bardovi-Harlig & Stringer, 2010; Bardovi-Harlig & Burghardt, 2020; De Bot & Weltens, 1995; Moorcraft & Gardner, 1987; Oxford, 1982; Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012), has been widely discussed and investigated since the 1980s (Bahrick, 1984; Bardovi-Harlig & Stringer, 2010; A. D. Cohen, 1989; De Bot & Weltens, 1995; Gardner, Lalonde, & Macpherson, 1985; Gardner, Lalonde, Moorcroft, & Evers, 1987; Kuhberg, 1992; Nakuma, 1997; Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012; Szupica-Pyrzanowska, 2016; Weltens, 1987) . Even though it isnot still completely clear what factors cause or contribute to language attrition, both personal and external factors can contribute to FL attrition (Schmid, 2011; Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012) . Among the former are “age, age atthe onset of attrition, attained proficiency,” “attitude and motivation”,(Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012, p. 113), and“contact with the language”(Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012, p. 115); among the latter are “time since onset of attrition, language contact and use and/or length of exposure to the language” (Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012, p. 113) . Language disuse, or non-use, is one of the most key factors  \nof language attrition (Bardovi-Harlig & Stringer, 2010; Gardner et al., 1985; Schmid & Mehotcheva, 2012) .  \nEnglish language attrition seems to be a problem of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) graduates in Turkey. The Turkish EFL learners generally demonstrate that they can understand English but cannot speak in English (Koşar & Bedir, 2014). As Coşkun (2016) stated,“The saying ‘I can understand English but I can’t speak’is so commonly used by Turkish people that it would be fair to state tha","cbCaiqA73PWLCLf2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqA73PWLCLf2","pdf",185273,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the study on Turkish EFL graduates?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on how the period of English non-use relates to attrition of oral communicative ability, and on the strategies graduates use to maintain their ability.\"},{\"question\":\"How was data collected for this research?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected from 153 Turkish graduates using a test of oral communicative ability and a checklist covering 20 language maintenance strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results indicate about English non-use and oral ability?\",\"answer\":\"The longer the period of language non-use, the more likely oral communicative ability attrition occurs among Turkish EFL graduates.\"}]","Attrition of Oral Communicative Ability among English Language Graduates in Turkey - Article | PDF",1792068671,23]