[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-150577-en":3,"doc-seo-150577-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":11},150577,962085320529,"Sarah ","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","ATSA Archives Magazine - Volume 22 - Number 1 - Indentured Paupers","Newly digitized records from the New York State Archives document payments made by overseers of the poor for abandoned children under the 1799 gradual abolition law and its later changes through 1817. Series A0827 includes names, birthdates, and former enslavers for children in eleven towns and cities, with many in Brooklyn, Staten Island, Long Island, and the Hudson Valley. The materials clarify how “indentured paupers” were supported, bound out, and tracked, supporting both research into slavery-era law and genealogical connections.","N E W Y O R K  \nS U M M E R 2 0 2 2 Volume 22 | Number 1  \n$ 9 . 9 5  \nVital Lighthouse Shines On  \nA L S O I N S I D E :  \nChinatown Movies  \nLast Enslaved Person  \nSea Lions  \n8  \natthe state archives  \nIndentured Paupers  \nA newly digitized series helps researchers find children who were enslaved.  \nB Y J A M I E B R I N K M A N  \nO  \nn March 29, 1799, New York State passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery. While the act stated that any child born to an enslaved  \nperson after July 4, 1799, would be deemed free, this was not completely true.  \nBefore gaining their freedom, a child would become an indentured servant to their enslaver until the age of twenty-eight if they were male and twenty-five if they were female. Additionally, the law stated that an enslaver could abandon their rights to the child’s services within the first year of their life. If the enslaver chose to do so, the child would then be considered a pauper and could be bound, or contracted, out as apprentices or servants by the overseers of the poor in their respective town. Each town in the state elected two overseers who were responsible for distributing relief funds provided by the state. Often the child would be bound out to their former enslaver, essentially giving the enslavers both the services of the child they abandoned and money from the state for their upkeep, room, and board. The 1799 law stated that the children would be supported by a maximum of $3.50 a month, roughly $77.50 today.  \nThe law would change a handful of times between 1802 and 1817. The monthly amount was reduced to $2 a month in 1802 and would only be paid until the child reached four years old. Two years later, in 1804, the abandonment program all but ended, only allowing for payment to continue for children that had already been abandoned. According to the Comptroller’s Annual Report of 1805, bills related to abandoned children totaled $20,865 .81, or about 6% of the state’s budget.  \nWith the passage of the 1817 Emancipation Law, the program was changed one final time, allowing abandoned children to be provided for—some until adulthood.  \nA small series in the State Archives that documents the payments made by the overseers of the poor in eleven towns and cities, primarily in the downstate area, has been digitized and made publicly available in the Archive’s Digital Collections. Series A0827 contains over 100 pages of documents that provide the names of children, their birthdates, and their former enslavers in eleven cities and towns in New York State. Most are found in present day Brooklyn, Staten Island, Long Island, and the Hudson Valley.  \nThere are two different formats for the documents. Some are formatted as invoices submitted by the overseers of the poor to the state. An example of this can be found in the folder of documents related to North Hempstead. A March 1805 document starts with an entry regarding money paid for the“Maintenance of a male Black child named Thomas born March 31, 1801 abandoned by Rich’d [Richard] Valentine—from March 31 to Jan. 26 1805 makes 33 months 26 days at 2 Doll. [Dollars] per month.” Other documents are similar to register pages. In addition to the children's names, birthdates, and enslaver’s name, the documents also include the date the child was abandoned by their enslaver and the length of time that support money was provided. A unique piece of information that can be found in documents related to Newtown and North Hempstead is the name of the child’s mother.  \nIn addition to the digital images, there will  \nNEW YORK archives • SUMMER 2022  \nIMAGES: NEW YORK STATE ARCHIVES  \n9  \nSome documents are formatted as invoices submitted by the overseers of the poor to the state.  \ndoned by their enslavers, they were wards of the state and could be bound out for indentured service. The Diversity & Inclusion Team plans on adding further context and clarity to the finding aid to help researchers understand what the records are and why t","cbCaihVC0IgBHSsx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihVC0IgBHSsx","pdf",888455,1,3,"English","en",105,"# Indentured Paupers\n## 1799 Gradual Abolition Law and Indentured Status\n## Changes to the Program (1802-1817)\n## Digitized Series A0827: What Researchers Can Find\n## Document Formats: Invoices and Register Pages\n## Name Index Terms and Finding Aid Context","[{\"question\":\"What does the digitized Series A0827 contain?\",\"answer\":\"Series A0827 contains over 100 pages of documents listing children’s names and birthdates, their former enslavers, and related payment information across eleven towns and cities in New York State.\"},{\"question\":\"How were abandoned children handled under the 1799 law?\",\"answer\":\"Although children were considered free, the law required they become indentured servants to their enslavers until a specified age, and the enslaver could abandon service rights within the first year.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was the label “indentured pauper” chosen for the name index?\",\"answer\":\"The Archives Diversity \\u0026 Inclusion Team evaluated multiple terms with scholars and selected “indentured pauper” as the closest description of children who were not fully free yet were not treated as enslaved in the records.\"}]","ATSA Archives Magazine - 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