[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-647555-105":59,"doc-detail-647555-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","atari-system-reference-manual-instructional-manual","Atari System Reference Manual - Instructional Manual","","Atari System Reference Manual explains the Atari computer’s Central Input/Output utility (CIO) and how most input/output operations route through it. It covers the CIO concept of eight I/O channels, the IOCB (Input/Output Control Block) memory structure, and how channels are controlled and invoked from BASIC or machine language. The text also details address formats, hexadecimal/decimal conventions, register bit layouts, and initial CIO channel- and IOCB-byte functions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/atari-system-reference-manual-instructional-manual/647555/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/atari-system-reference-manual-instructional-manual/647555.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Central Input/Output utility (CIO) in Atari systems?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CIO is the Atari input/output system that routes nearly all input or output operations through a unified utility.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are CIO channels organized and used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"CIO uses eight channels as I/O paths (channels 0 to 7), each controlled via a 16-byte Input/Output Control Block (IOCB).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the IOCB structure describe?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The IOCB lists specific bytes for handler identifiers, device numbers, commands, status, buffer addresses, put/get routine pointers, buffer lengths, and auxiliary information, starting at address $0340.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},647555,1793115361,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Atari System Reference Manual  \n\n| Atari System Reference manual |\n| --- |\n| Written by Bob DuHamel (c)1987\u003Cbr>Hypertext version constructed by Ivo van Poorten (c)1994\u003Cbr>Bob Duhamel\u003Cbr>6915 Casselberry Way San Diego, CA 92119\u003Cbr>Atari is a registered trademark of Atari Corp. |\n\nThis manual contains highly technical information. Such information is provided for those who know how to use it. To understand the advanced information you are expected to know 6502 assembly language. If you are new to programming, concentrate on the parts which discuss BASIC commands.  \nAddresses are usually given in both hexadecimal and decimal numbers. The operating system equate names are given in capital letters with the address following in brackets. The decimal address is in parenthsis within the brackets. For example:  \nDOSVEC [$000A,2 (10)]  \nname hex dec  \nThe \",2\" after the hexadecimal number means that this address requires two bytes to hold its’information. Any address called a \"vector\" uses two bytes whether noted or not.  \nControl registers and some other bytes of memory are shown in the following format  \nRegister format  \n7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  \n−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−  \n| |  \n−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−  \n1 6 3 1 8 4 2 1  \n2 4 2 6  \n8  \nThe numbers on top are the bit numbers. Bit 7 is the Most Significant Bit (MSB) and bit 0 is the Least Significant bit (LSB) . The numbers on the bottom are the bit weights. These are useful when changing memory with decimal numbers, as you would in BASIC. For example, to set bit 4 of a register to 1, without changing any other bits you would add 16 to the decimal number already in the register. To reset the same bit to 0, you would subtract 16 from the number in the register. This is exactly what the command GRAPHICS 8+16 does. It sets bits 3 and 4 of a graphics mode control register.  \nMSB and LSB may also mean Most Significant Byte or Least Significant Byte, depending on context.  \n\n| Table of contents\u003Cbr>1. The Central Input/Output Utility (CIO) \u003Cbr>2. The Disk Operating System (DOS) \u003Cbr>3. Using the DOS 2 Utilities (DUP.SYS) \u003Cbr>4. The Cassette Handler (C:) \u003Cbr>5. The Keyboard Handler (K:) \u003Cbr>6. The Printer Handler (P:) \u003Cbr>7. The Screen Editor (E:) \u003Cbr>8. The Display Handler (S:) \u003Cbr>9. The Resident Disk Handler  10. System Interrupts \u003Cbr>11. The Floating Point Arithmetic Package \u003Cbr>12. Boot Software Formats \u003Cbr>13. The Serial Input/Output Interface (SIO) \u003Cbr>14. The Hardware Chips \u003Cbr>15. Display Lists \u003Cbr>16. Player and Missile Graphics  17. Sound \u003Cbr>18. The Joystick Ports \u003Cbr>19. Misc... \u003Cbr>20. The XL and XE Models \u003Cbr>A. Hardware Registers \u003Cbr>B. Operating System Equates \u003Cbr>C. Memory Use  |\n| --- |\n| Ivo van Poorten ([ipoorten@cs.vu.nl](ipoorten@cs.vu.nl)) |\n\nCHAPTER 1  \nThe central Input/Output utility (CIO)  \n\n| The ATARI computer uses a very easy−to−use input and output system called the Central Input/Output utility, or CIO. Nearly all input or output passes through this utility.\u003Cbr>CIO uses eight \"channels\" as paths for I/O. There are not really separate channels for I/O but the computer acts as if there were. Each channel is controlled by a 16 byte block of memory called an Input/Output Control Block or IOCB. The channels are used by putting the proper numbers in the proper IOCB bytes then jumping to the CIO routine. In BASIC, complete I/O operations can be as easy as typing a command such as LPRINT. In this case BASIC does all the work for you. |\n| --- |\n| THE CIO CHANNELS\u003Cbr>There are eight CIO channels, numbered from 0 to 7. In BASIC some channels are reserved for BASIC’s use.\u003Cbr>BASIC CIO channel assignments\u003Cbr>Channel 0 Permanently assigned to the screen editor\u003Cbr>6 Used for graphics commands\u003Cbr>7 Used for the Cassette, disk and printer\u003Cbr>Channels 6 and 7 are free to use when they are not being used by BASIC. With machine language, all of the channels are available to the programmer. |\n\nTHE IOCB STRUCTURE  \nThe IOCB for channel zero starts at address $0340 (decimal 832) . This is the only address ","cbCaipam8RPgEwwY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipam8RPgEwwY","pdf",162775,128,"English","# Table of contents\n## The Central Input/Output Utility (CIO)\n## The Disk Operating System (DOS)\n## Using the DOS 2 Utilities (DUP.SYS)\n## The Cassette Handler (C:)\n## The Keyboard Handler (K:)\n## The Printer Handler (P:)\n## The Screen Editor (E:)\n## The Display Handler (S:)\n## The Resident Disk Handler\n## System Interrupts\n## The Floating Point Arithmetic Package\n## Boot Software Formats\n## The Serial Input/Output Interface (SIO)\n## The Hardware Chips\n## Display Lists\n## Player and Missile Graphics\n## Sound\n## The Joystick Ports\n## Misc...\n## The XL and XE Models\n## Hardware Registers\n## Operating System Equates\n## Memory Use","[{\"question\":\"What is the Central Input/Output utility (CIO) in Atari systems?\",\"answer\":\"CIO is the Atari input/output system that routes nearly all input or output operations through a unified utility.\"},{\"question\":\"How are CIO channels organized and used?\",\"answer\":\"CIO uses eight channels as I/O paths (channels 0 to 7), each controlled via a 16-byte Input/Output Control Block (IOCB).\"},{\"question\":\"What does the IOCB structure describe?\",\"answer\":\"The IOCB lists specific bytes for handler identifiers, device numbers, commands, status, buffer addresses, put/get routine pointers, buffer lengths, and auxiliary information, starting at address $0340.\"}]","Atari System Reference Manual - Instructional Manual | PDF",1792789264,323]