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This study examined associations between participant characteristics and preferred survey completion mode among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening. From February 2023 to April 2024, researchers recruited 315 prospective participants (out of 2,822 outreach contacts) via electronic healthcare records. Three completion modes were offered: online, mail, and phone, analyzed with multinomial logistic regression. Results showed mail completion related to study site and race, while phone completion related to older age, Spanish preference, and local government/community insurance, with a conclusion that shifting online trends may reduce representativeness if offline options are not available.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/associations-between-survey-completion-mode-and-sociodemographic-factors-among-individuals-eligible-for-lung-cancer-screening/457947/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/associations-between-survey-completion-mode-and-sociodemographic-factors-among-individuals-eligible-for-lung-cancer-screening/457947.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Himbo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s purpose regarding survey completion modes?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine how participant characteristics were associated with preferred survey completion mode among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What survey completion modes were offered to eligible participants?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Participants were offered three modes: online, by mail, or by phone.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors were associated with choosing mail versus phone completion?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Mail completion was associated with study site and race, while phone completion was associated with older age, Spanish language preference, and local government or community insurance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},457947,1792197547,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","Journal of Clinical and Translational Science  \n[www.cambridge.org/cts](www.cambridge.org/cts)  \nResearch Article  \nCite this article: Nagawa CS, Anctil R, Neil J, Flores I, Durieux N, Shao R, Chang Y, Park E, and Kruse GR. Associations between survey completion mode and sociodemographic factors among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 9: e266, 1–10.  \ndoi: 10. 1017/cts.2025.10193  \nReceived: 14 May 2025  \nAccepted: 5 November 2025  \nKeywords:  \nLung cancer screening; survey mode preference; mail-based surveys; health disparities; recruitment methods  \nCorresponding author:  \nC. S. Nagawa;  \nEmail: [catherine-nagawa@ou.edu](catherine-nagawa@ou.edu)  \n© The Author(s), 2025 . Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Association for Clinical and Translational Science. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by/4.0/](by/4.0/)), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.  \nAssociations between survey completion mode and sociodemographic factors among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening  \nCatherine S. Nagawa1,2 , Reid Anctil3, Jordan Neil1,2, Iván Flores1,  \nNatalie Durieux3, Ruosi Shao4, Yuchiao Chang3,5, Elyse Park3,5 and Gina R. Kruse6  \n1TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 2Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 4School of Communication, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and 6Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA  \nAbstract  \nBackground: To enhance representation in LCS research, we examined associations between participant characteristics and their preferred mode of survey completion among individuals eligible for LCS. Methods: Between February 2023 and April 2024, prospective participants were identified using electronic healthcare records from Mass General Brigham and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences (OUHSC). We offered three modes of survey completion: online, by mail, or by phone. Eligible participants were 50–80 years old, had smoked within the past 15 years, and spoke English or Spanish. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate relative risk ratios (RRR) . Results: Outreach to 2,822 individuals resulted in a sample of 315 participants. The mean age was 61.7 years (SD = 10.9). Most respondents were women (63.0%) and identified as White (63.3%), 29.8 % were Hispanic. The most common survey completion mode was mail (37.1%), followed by online (35.9%) and phone (27.0%) . Characteristics associated with completion by mail were study site (RRR = 6.86, 95%CI:3.10–15.14), and race (RRR = 3.63, 95%CI:1.53–8.61); with respondents at OUHSC or who did not identify as White being more likely to choose mail over online modality. Characteristics associated with phone completion, included older age (RRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.20), Spanish language preference (RRR = 9.28, 95%CI:2.38–36.09), and with local government or community insurance (RRR = 9.91, 95% CI:1.92–51.3) . Conclusion: The current trend toward online surveys may not fully account for individual preferences for LCS research engagement, and could limit the representativeness in LCS studies if offline alternatives are not offered.  \nIntroduction  \nLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, accounting for nearly one in five cancer deaths nationwide [1,2]. Screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography improves the likelihood of early de","cbCainVofgv7ltao","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainVofgv7ltao","pdf",554639,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Lung cancer screening burden and low uptake\n## Disparities and underrepresentation in implementation research\n## Survey mode preferences and recruitment approaches","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s purpose regarding survey completion modes?\",\"answer\":\"To examine how participant characteristics were associated with preferred survey completion mode among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening.\"},{\"question\":\"What survey completion modes were offered to eligible participants?\",\"answer\":\"Participants were offered three modes: online, by mail, or by phone.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with choosing mail versus phone completion?\",\"answer\":\"Mail completion was associated with study site and race, while phone completion was associated with older age, Spanish language preference, and local government or community insurance.\"}]","Associations between survey completion mode and sociodemographic factors among individuals eligible for lung cancer screening | PDF",1790750934,25]