[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-332226-105":3,"doc-detail-332226-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":99},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","associations-between-diabetes-mellitus-and-selected-cancers","Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers","","Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, while diabetes mellitus is a rapidly increasing global health problem with growing prevalence. Observational evidence links diabetes and cancer for more than a century, including reports that many patients with cancer also have diabetes and that specific cancers—such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and others—appear to carry elevated risk. Rates and relative risks differ by cancer type, with notable increases reported for breast and colorectal cancers and for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and endometrial cancer. Conversely, cancers and anticancer therapies may raise the risk of developing diabetes and worsen therapeutic decisions. The review synthesizes current evidence and highlights that the underlying mechanisms of these associations are not yet fully understood.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/associations-between-diabetes-mellitus-and-selected-cancers/332226/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/associations-between-diabetes-mellitus-and-selected-cancers/332226.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main purpose of the review on diabetes mellitus and selected cancers?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To summarize the association between diabetes mellitus and selected cancers and to update evidence on the underlying mechanisms. The mechanisms are noted as still not fully known.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How common is diabetes among patients who have cancer?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Evidence indicates that approximately 8–18% of patients with cancer also have diabetes. The review also notes that diabetes can be diagnosed among patients with cancer.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What kinds of cancer risks are discussed in relation to diabetes mellitus?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review describes associations between diabetes—particularly type 2 diabetes—and increased risk for several cancers, including pancreatic, liver, colorectal, breast, and stomach, as well as elevated risks reported for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and endometrial cancer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332226,1790013143,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488",8,"Review  \nAssociations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers  \nMonika Pliszka  and Leszek Szablewski *  \nCitation: Pliszka, M.; Szablewski, L. Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7476. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137476](doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137476)  \nAcademic Editor: Yoshinori Marunaka  \nReceived: 5 April 2024  \nRevised: 15 June 2024  \nAccepted: 24 June 2024  \nPublished: 8 July 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nChair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubi ´nskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; [monika.pliszka@wum.edu.pl](monika.pliszka@wum.edu.pl)  \n* Correspondence: [leszek.szablewski@wum.edu.pl](leszek.szablewski@wum.edu.pl)  \nAbstract: Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer has been suggested for more than 100 years. Diabetes is a common disease diagnosed among patients with cancer, and evidence indicates that approximately 8–18% of patients with cancer have diabetes, with investigations suggesting an association between diabetes and some particular cancers, increasing the risk for developing cancers such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and a few others. Breast and colorectal cancers have increased from 20% to 30% and there is a 97% increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or endometrial cancer. On the other hand, a number of cancers and cancer therapies increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. Complications due to diabetes in patients with cancer may influence the choice of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of the associations between diabetes mellitus and cancer are still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of diabetes mellitus with selected cancers and update the evidence on the underlying mechanisms of this association.  \nKeywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus; cancer; mechanisms of association  \n1. Introduction  \nAccording to data obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019, cancer was the first or second cause of death before the age of 70 in 112 of 183 countries [1,2], and was a leading cause of more than 18 million cases worldwide in 2018 [3] . According to the data from WHO, the number of global patients with cancer will increase from 14 million in 2022 to 22 million in 2032 [4] .  \nDiabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and/or insulin resistance, is most often divided into two types. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulinopenia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, causing β-cells’ failure. About 95% of diabetic patients have T2DM [5] . Type 3cDM, also known as pancreoprivic diabetes, is due to various diseases of the exocrine pancreas [6] . DM may be developed secondarily to medication or from an underlying illness. T3cDM is secondary to the exocrine pancreas, including, for example, pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, pancreatic resection, etc. This type of DM is characterized by a severe deficiency of all pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones [6] . Note that Alzheimer’s disease is also named type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM) [7] . The prevalence of DM has increased by more than 4-fold ","cbCaifA0vYxyFQzT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifA0vYxyFQzT","pdf",879841,43,"English","# Introduction\n## Diabetes mellitus and its major types\n## Global burden of cancer and diabetes\n# Associations between diabetes mellitus and cancers","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the review on diabetes mellitus and selected cancers?\",\"answer\":\"To summarize the association between diabetes mellitus and selected cancers and to update evidence on the underlying mechanisms. The mechanisms are noted as still not fully known.\"},{\"question\":\"How common is diabetes among patients who have cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence indicates that approximately 8–18% of patients with cancer also have diabetes. The review also notes that diabetes can be diagnosed among patients with cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of cancer risks are discussed in relation to diabetes mellitus?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes associations between diabetes—particularly type 2 diabetes—and increased risk for several cancers, including pancreatic, liver, colorectal, breast, and stomach, as well as elevated risks reported for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and endometrial cancer.\"}]","Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers | PDF",1789997432,108,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":100},[101,105,109,113,118,123,128,131,136,139,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},30,"research-report",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":135},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":134,"slug":138},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":141},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]