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This paper uses CDA to analyze how Pakistani parliamentarians employ inclusive and exclusive Urdu plural pronouns ham (we) and hamain (us) to create association and disassociation during the joint parliamentary session from September 2–19, 2014. It examines nine speeches from PML-N, PPP, and PTI, showing that inclusive forms build unity and responsibility, while exclusive forms emphasize loyalty, sincerity, and sacrifices for democracy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/association-vs-disassociation-an-analysis-of-inclusive-and-exclusive-plural-personal-pronouns-in-the-pakistani-parliamentary-speeches/595796/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/association-vs-disassociation-an-analysis-of-inclusive-and-exclusive-plural-personal-pronouns-in-the-pakistani-parliamentary-speeches/595796.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research approach does the paper use to study pronouns in Pakistani parliamentary speeches?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study uses a CDA approach to analyze how inclusive and exclusive plural pronouns are used as discursive practice.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are inclusive and exclusive pronouns distinguished in the paper’s analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Inclusive pronouns are used to include fellow parliamentarians and other parties in the in-group, while exclusive pronouns are used to highlight loyalty and positive aspects of one’s own parties, marking disassociation from others.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which time period and parliamentary event does the paper focus on?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The analysis covers speeches made during the Pakistani joint session held from September 2, 2014 to September 19, 2014, connected to the Islamabad sit-in.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595796,1792431849,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Association vs Disassociation: An Analysis of Inclusive and Exclusive Plural Personal Pronouns in the Pakistani Parliamentary Speeches  \nMazhar Iqbal Ranjha *and Muhammad Islam**  \nAbstract  \nPoliticians usually use plural personal pronouns we and us to highlight their qualities or positive aspects or of their in-group members. They also use these pronouns to represent a team, group or an organization and show shared responsibilities. This paper employs CDA approach to analyze the discursive practice of using inclusive and exclusive Urdu plural personal pronouns ham (we) and hamain (us) by the Pakistani Parliamentarians for showing association and disassociation, and see how they use these pronouns for including and excluding their fellow Parliamentarians in their in-group or out group participating the third joint session (September 2, 2014 to September 19, 2014) . The paper analyzes nine of the Parliamentary speeches of the three leading parliamentary parties, three from each PML-N, PPP and PTI parties made during Islamabad sit-in 2014. The result shows that selected Parliamentarians used the first-person plural inclusive and exclusive to achieve certain objectives. They used the inclusive pronouns to include Parliamentarians and other political parties in their in-group when they aimed at showing unity, creating harmony, sharing responsibilities and invoking the sense of responsibility among their colleagues. They used the exclusive pronouns when they meant to highlight the positive aspects of their parties, show their loyalty and sincerity to the system and mention their efforts and sacrifices made for the democracy. The study may have important implications for political discourse analysis and language teaching in Pakistani classrooms.  \nKeywords: Inclusive we, exclusive we, speeches, Association, Disassociation  \n*Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore Garrison University; PhD Scholar, UMT, Lahore. [Email: mazhariqbalranjha@lgu.edu.pk](Email: mazhariqbalranjha@lgu.edu.pk)  \n** Assistant Professor, Department of English language Teaching and Linguistics (ELTL), IER, University of  \nPunjab, Lahore. Email: [islam950@hotmail.com](islam950@hotmail.com)  \nIntroduction  \nIn linguistics, the terms inclusive and exclusive have been used for more than two centuries (Hass, 1969) . Generally the term inclusive “we” refers to the speaker, hearers (you) and others (S+Y+O) and exclusive is used when “hearer/s” are not involved (S-Y+O) (Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. 1985, Fontaine, 2006, Uzum, B., Yazan, B.& Ali, F. S. 2017).In English, both inclusive and exclusive plural pronouns are translated as we and differentiated on the intended meaning. The personal pronoun “we” is normally not used to refer to something in the text; rather, its referents are decided by the role of a speaker and hearer depending on the context (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) . Similar to English, there is no clear distinction between an inclusive and exclusive personal pronouns in European languages (Cysouw, 2008), however, Hawaiin, Mauritian, some Australian and aboriginal languages have this distinction (Romaine, 1992) . The politicians usually use plural personal pronouns we and us to highlight the qualities or positive aspects of theirs or their in-group members (van Dijk 1993, 1997) . They also use these pronouns to represent a team, group or an organization (de Fina, 1995) and show shared responsibilities (Beard, 2000) . In Urdu, ham (we) and hamain (us) are used as inclusive and exclusive plural personal pronouns, and context plays a key role in differentiating the intended meaning. However, no study has undertaken this discursive practice and tried to explore it in detail. This paper analyzes the discursive practice of using inclusive and exclusive plural personal pronouns ham/hamain by Pakistani Parliamentarians for showing association and disassociation, and see how they use these pronouns for including and excluding the Parl","cbCairK3BG38Nd0V","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairK3BG38Nd0V","pdf",94562,11,"English","# Introduction\n# Background of the Study\n# Research Methodology","[{\"question\":\"What research approach does the paper use to study pronouns in Pakistani parliamentary speeches?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses a CDA approach to analyze how inclusive and exclusive plural pronouns are used as discursive practice.\"},{\"question\":\"How are inclusive and exclusive pronouns distinguished in the paper’s analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Inclusive pronouns are used to include fellow parliamentarians and other parties in the in-group, while exclusive pronouns are used to highlight loyalty and positive aspects of one’s own parties, marking disassociation from others.\"},{\"question\":\"Which time period and parliamentary event does the paper focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis covers speeches made during the Pakistani joint session held from September 2, 2014 to September 19, 2014, connected to the Islamabad sit-in.\"}]","Association vs Disassociation - An Analysis of Inclusive and Exclusive Plural Personal Pronouns in the Pakistani Parliamentary Speeches | PDF",1792081881,28]