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Although salt intake may influence symptom development and reduction may improve patient outcomes, evidence is not systematically consolidated. This systematic review evaluates the relationship between high salt intake and LUTS and the effect of salt reduction, using observational studies and clinical trials with salt-intake measurement methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/association-between-sodium-or-salt-intake-and-lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-a-systematic-review/430706/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/association-between-sodium-or-salt-intake-and-lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-a-systematic-review/430706.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What relationship does the review examine between salt intake and LUTS?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The review evaluates whether high salt intake is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and whether reducing salt intake can lessen the development of LUTS.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were studies selected and what search approach was used?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Observational studies and clinical trials were included if they assessed LUTS manifestations and included methods measuring salt intake. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid-Medline, WOS, and Embase in February 2024.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why was a meta-analysis not performed?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"A meta-analysis was not conducted because heterogeneity existed in how LUTS and salt intake were measured across included studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},430706,1790742604,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","TherapeuTic advances in  \nurology Systematic Review  \nAssociation between sodium or salt intake and lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review  \nRodrigo Alonso Fribourg-Liendo, Percy Herrera-Añazco,  \nMariana Lucia Garcia-Lopez, Jheram Abarca-Velarde, Fatima Ramos-Vallejosand Vicente Aleixandre Benites-Zapata  \nAbstract  \nBackground: High sodium intake is associated with cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) . The amount of salt intake can influence the development of symptoms, but reduction may benefit patients by lowering the presentation of LUTS. However, there is a lack of systematization of evidence between salt intake and LUTS.  \nObjectives: Determine the relationship between a high salt intake and LUTS, and the impact of salt intake reduction on the development of LUTS.  \nDesign: Systematic review.  \nData sources and methods: We included observational studies and clinical trials that assessed any clinical manifestations of LUTS and any method of measuring salt intake to establish a comparison between high and low salt intake. A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Ovid-Medline, WOS, and Embase databases in February 2024, including studies published at any time until the date of the search. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. A qualitative synthesis of the included studies was performed, and a meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of how LUTS and salt intake were measured.  \nResults: We obtained 3085 articles, from which 10 were included in this review. In regards to urinary incontinence and general LUTS, patients who had a salty diet had more frequency and severe symptoms according to the Overactive Bladder Symptom score (H: 286, 1% vs N: 356, 0. 6% vs N: 225, 0.8%; p \u003C 0. 001) and International Prostate Symptom score (H: 688, 2. 5% vs N: 670, 1. 7% vs B: 419, 2.3%; p \u003C 0. 001) respectively, compared to patients who had neutral orbland diets.  \nConclusion: Some evidence suggests a possible association between a high salt intake and LUTS, and lowering salt intake might help to improve symptoms. We suggest that future studies improve clinical trial designs to clarify the relationship and methods to assess salt intake and measurement of LUTS.  \nPlain language summary  \nHow a sodium or salt intake may be linked to urinary problems: a review of studies  \nOur research systematizes all available evidence on the relationship between high sodium or salt intake and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms. We found evidence suggesting a relationship between high sodium or salt intake and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, we found that reducing salt intake can improve  \nTherAdv Urol  \n2026, Vol. 18: 1–14  \nDOI: 10. 1177/  \n17562872251408905 © The Author(s), 2026. Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals](sagepub.com/journals)permissions  \nCorrespondence to:  \nVicente Aleixandre Benites-Zapata  \nUniversidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 550, La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru  \n[vbenites@usil.edu.pe](vbenites@usil.edu.pe)  \nRodrigo Alonso Fribourg-Liendo Mariana Lucia Garcia-Lopez  \nJheram Abarca-Velarde Fatima Ramos-Vallejos  \nUniversidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru  \nPercy Herrera-Añazco  \nUniversidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru  \n[journals.sagepub.com/home/tau](journals.sagepub.com/home/tau) 1  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License  \n([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission  \nprovided the original work is attributed as specified on the Sage and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sage","cbCaivcmb4PjS46o","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivcmb4PjS46o","pdf",788723,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Objectives\n## Design\n## Data sources and methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n## Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Sodium intake and noncommunicable diseases\n## Dietary recommendations and risk burden\n## LUTS definition and symptom groups","[{\"question\":\"What relationship does the review examine between salt intake and LUTS?\",\"answer\":\"The review evaluates whether high salt intake is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and whether reducing salt intake can lessen the development of LUTS.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and what search approach was used?\",\"answer\":\"Observational studies and clinical trials were included if they assessed LUTS manifestations and included methods measuring salt intake. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid-Medline, WOS, and Embase in February 2024.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was a meta-analysis not performed?\",\"answer\":\"A meta-analysis was not conducted because heterogeneity existed in how LUTS and salt intake were measured across included studies.\"}]","Association between sodium or salt intake and lower urinary tract symptoms - a systematic review | PDF",1790653509,35]