[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-437974-105":3,"doc-detail-437974-en":80,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","association-between-relative-fat-mass-and-the-serum-creatininecystatin-c-ratio-and-cardiometabolic-multimorbidity-evidence-from-two-large-population-based-surveys","Association Between Relative Fat Mass and the Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity - Evidence From Two Large Population-Based Surveys","","Serum creatinine–cystatin C ratio (SCR/CysC) and relative fat mass (RFM) reflect muscle and fat content, yet their links to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) were unclear. This study analyzed 9292 Chinese participants from CHARLS and 3822 American participants from NHANES using multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline models, and subgroup analyses. Results showed SCR/CysC was inversely associated with CMM risk, while higher RFM predicted increased CMM risk.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/association-between-relative-fat-mass-and-the-serum-creatininecystatin-c-ratio-and-cardiometabolic-multimorbidity-evidence-from-two-large-population-based-surveys/437974/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/association-between-relative-fat-mass-and-the-serum-creatininecystatin-c-ratio-and-cardiometabolic-multimorbidity-evidence-from-two-large-population-based-surveys/437974.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Blue Pony","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-01","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the study’s main objective regarding SCR/CysC, RFM, and CMM?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"To explore how SCR/CysC and relative fat mass relate to cardiometabolic multimorbidity and assess their usefulness for early identification and intervention of CMM.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which databases and participant groups were used in the analysis?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The study used CHARLS (9292 Chinese participants) and NHANES (3822 American individuals) to evaluate associations across two large population-based surveys.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How were SCR/CysC and RFM associated with CMM risk?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"SCR/CysC showed a significantly negative correlation with CMM risk, whereas higher RFM levels were positively correlated with increased CMM risk across both datasets.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},437974,1790767926,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",{"doc_id":78,"user_id":83,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":84,"doc_module":4,"category_id":85,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97},962090760266,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Wiley  \nJournal of Diabetes Research  \nVolume 2025, Article ID 4075738, 13 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/4075738](https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/4075738)  \nResearch Article  \nAssociation Between Relative Fat Mass and the Serum Creatinine/ Cystatin C Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity:  \nEvidence From Two Large Population-Based Surveys  \nYanfen Hu , 1 Lingxia Li , 1 Ling Yan, 1 Xiaoting Zhao, 1 Qinfan Wang, 1 and Zhenjie Xu2 1Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Respiratory (the Cadre Ward), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ’an Jiaotong University, Xi ’an, Shaanxi, China  \n2Institute of Jianjiyue Biomedical Research Center, Xi ’an, Shaanxi, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Yanfen Hu; [huyanfen713@xjtu.edu.cn and Lingxia Li](huyanfen713@xjtu.edu.cn and Lingxia Li); [1633529972@qq.com](1633529972@qq.com)  \nReceived 19 April 2025; Revised 25 October 2025; Accepted 30 October 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Yi Wang  \nCopyright © 2025 Yanfen Hu et al. Journal of Diabetes Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nBackground: The serum creatinine–cystatin C ratio (SCR/CysC) and relative fat mass (RFM) are both important indicators reflecting muscle and fat content, respectively, and are closely related to metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of SCR/CysC and RFM in cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remain unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the relationships between SCR/CysC, RFM, and CMM, providing a new perspective for the early identification and intervention of CMM.  \nMethods: This study included 9292 Chinese participants from the CHARLS database and 3822 American individuals from the NHANES database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots, and subgroup analyses were employed to explore the associations of SCR/CysC and RFM with CMM.  \nResults: Analyses based on two databases revealed that the level of SCR/CysC levels was significantly negatively correlated with the risk of CMM. Conversely, higher RFM levels were positively correlated with an increased risk of CMM. Specifically, compared to the lower quartile (Q1) of SCR/CysC, the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with a decreased risk of CMM (CHARLS: odds ratio OR =0  89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–0.91, p \u003C0  001; NHANES: OR = 0  90, 95% CI: 0.86– 0.94, p \u003C0  001) . Compared to the lower quartile (Q1) of RFM, the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with an increased risk of CMM (CHARLS: OR = 1  18, 95% CI: 1.16–1.21, p \u003C0  001; NHANES: OR = 1  20, 95% CI: 1.15–1.25, p \u003C0  001) . The RCS plot results further supported this relationship, demonstrating that after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, a decrease in SCR/CysC and an increase in RFM were both associated with a higher risk of CMM.  \nConclusions: This study found that SCR/CysC levels were negatively correlated with CMM risk, whereas RFM levels showed a positive correlation. Thus, SCR/CysC and RFM may both serve as potential biomarkers for CMM screening.  \nKeywords: cardiometabolic multimorbidity; CHARLS; NHANES; relative fat mass; serum creatinine–cystatin C ratio  \n1. Introduction  \nCardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, also known as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), refer to the cooccurrence of two or more cardiovascular or metabolic disorders in an individual, typically including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke [1, 2]. A large-scale study of 500,000 Chinese adults found that CMM is the most prev-  \nalent multimorbidity pattern, affecting 6% of participants, which is higher than other patterns [3]. Importantly, individuals with CMM exhibit a shorter lifespan compared to those with only a single cardiometabolic disease [4]. Therefore, the early identification of C","cbCailTZWeiLBCyB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailTZWeiLBCyB","pdf",1675675,13,"English","# Introduction\n## CMM and its significance\n## Obesity indicators and limitations\n## RFM and SCR/CysC as potential markers\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main objective regarding SCR/CysC, RFM, and CMM?\",\"answer\":\"To explore how SCR/CysC and relative fat mass relate to cardiometabolic multimorbidity and assess their usefulness for early identification and intervention of CMM.\"},{\"question\":\"Which databases and participant groups were used in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study used CHARLS (9292 Chinese participants) and NHANES (3822 American individuals) to evaluate associations across two large population-based surveys.\"},{\"question\":\"How were SCR/CysC and RFM associated with CMM risk?\",\"answer\":\"SCR/CysC showed a significantly negative correlation with CMM risk, whereas higher RFM levels were positively correlated with increased CMM risk across both datasets.\"}]","Association Between Relative Fat Mass and the Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity - Evidence From Two Large Population-Based Surveys | PDF",1790683692,33,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,127,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":85,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]