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Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, heterogeneity with I2, and pooled hazard ratios with fixed- or random-effects models, including sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests. Results: Six studies (1279,804 participants) showed higher overall cancer risk with gout. Elevated risks were observed for gastric, liver, lung, and bladder cancers, while other cancer types showed non-significant increases. Conclusion: Gout may be a cancer risk factor, warranting more high-quality epidemiologic studies for cancer-specific estimates.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/association-between-gout-and-cancers-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/332678/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/association-between-gout-and-cancers-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/332678.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Sage","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To investigate whether gout is associated with cancer risk, including overall cancer and specific cancer types.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were studies selected and analyzed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review was registered (CRD42023465587) and searched major databases through September 2023. Methodological quality used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, heterogeneity used I2, and pooled hazard ratios used fixed- or random-effects models with sensitivity and publication bias checks.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which cancers showed statistically significant associations with gout?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Gout was significantly associated with gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer, with reported hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332678,1790102301,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","®  \nSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis   \nAssociation between gout and cancers A systematic review and meta-analysis  \nLin Tian, MMa , Youjiao Wang, MBb , Ying Zhang, MMc , Lv Tian, MMd , Huijing Wang, MBa ,*  \n\n| Abstract\u003Cbr>Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between gout and cancer risk.\u003Cbr>Methods: This study was registered with the Prospective Registry for International Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42023465587) . We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies related to gout and cancer risk, with a timeframe from the date the database was created to September 2023. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and assessed heterogeneity between studies using the I2 statistic. Depending on the heterogeneity, we calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixedeffects or random-effects models. In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests.\u003Cbr>Results: In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 6 studies encompassing a total of 1279,804 participants. Our analysis revealed that individuals with gout are at a heightened risk of developing cancer in general (HR = 1. 18, 95% CI = 1.04–1.34, P \u003C .001) . Moreover, specific types of cancer displayed a significant correlation with gout, including gastric cancer (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07–1.62, P = .012), liver cancer (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.52, P \u003C .001), lung cancer (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03–1.53, P = .001), and bladder cancer (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.02–2.41, P \u003C .001) . Furthermore, gout exhibited a marginally increased risk for other cancer types, such as head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer, although these associations did not attain statistical significance.\u003Cbr>Conclusion: Our study suggests that gout is a risk factor for cancer, especially for stomach, liver, lung, and bladder cancers. Patients with gout have an increased risk of developing overall cancers, lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and bladder cancer. However, more high-quality epidemiologic studies are needed to explore the association between gout and individual cancers more accurately.\u003Cbr>Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, HR = hazard ratio. |\n| --- |\n| Keywords: cancer, gout, meta-analyses, systematic review |\n\n1. Introduction  \nGout is a metabolic, immune disease characterized by disturbances in purine and uric acid metabolism. In adults, gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis, affecting approximately 9.2 million adults in the United States (3.9% prevalence)[1] and 41.2 million adults worldwide. [2] Gout is caused by the supersaturation of uric acid, which crystallizes within the joints, leading to peripheral joint synovitis and severe pain. [3,4] As the number of acute attacks of gout increases, patients progress to joint damage, deformities, chronic pain, subcutaneous uric acid crystal deposits, and kidney damage. There is a clear association between gout and the  \nLT and YW contributed equally to this work.  \nThe authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.  \nData sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.  \nThis study did not involve any animal experimentation and did not require any ethics. All data were obtained from relevant databases and were further processed and analyzed.  \nSupplemental Digital Content is available for this article.  \na Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Peoples Hospital of Zunyi/Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, b Department of Pediatrics, The First Peoples Hospital of Zunyi/Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, c Department of Oncology, The First Peoples Hospital of Zunyi/Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China, d School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China.  \nmetabolic syndrome","cbCaiq5fOa8ClXek","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq5fOa8ClXek","pdf",1231648,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n## Overall cancer risk\n## Cancer-type specific associations\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate whether gout is associated with cancer risk, including overall cancer and specific cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The review was registered (CRD42023465587) and searched major databases through September 2023. Methodological quality used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, heterogeneity used I2, and pooled hazard ratios used fixed- or random-effects models with sensitivity and publication bias checks.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cancers showed statistically significant associations with gout?\",\"answer\":\"Gout was significantly associated with gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer, with reported hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.\"}]","Association between Gout and Cancers - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | PDF",1789999043,23]