[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-444200-105":59,"doc-detail-444200-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","assessment-of-remineralization-treatment-on-primary-enamels-microhardness-and-mineral-composition-post-iron-drop-interaction-research-article","Assessment of Remineralization Treatment on Primary Enamel’s Microhardness and Mineral Composition Post Iron Drop Interaction - Research Article","","Assessment focuses on how remineralizing agents influence primary enamel after iron drop exposure, specifically measuring changes in microhardness and mineral composition. An in vitro design used 36 sound primary anterior teeth assigned to CPP-ACP, fluoride varnish, MI varnish, and a control, with microhardness measured after iron exposure, after remineralizing cycles, and mineral content assessed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Iron drop exposure reduced microhardness, while remineralizing agents increased both hardness and mineral parameters.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/assessment-of-remineralization-treatment-on-primary-enamels-microhardness-and-mineral-composition-post-iron-drop-interaction-research-article/444200/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessment-of-remineralization-treatment-on-primary-enamels-microhardness-and-mineral-composition-post-iron-drop-interaction-research-article/444200.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess how remineralizing agents affect the microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel after iron drop exposure under in vitro conditions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the teeth and experimental groups arranged?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Thirty-six sound primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups: CPP-ACP, fluoride varnish, MI varnish, and a control group.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What impact did iron drop exposure and remineralizing agents have?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Iron drop exposure significantly decreased enamel microhardness, while all remineralizing agents significantly increased it; the three remineralizing agents did not differ significantly in microhardness enhancement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},444200,1790935477,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Wiley  \nInternational Journal of Dentistry Volume 2026, Article ID 6637290, 8 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/6637290](https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/6637290)  \nResearch Article  \nAssessment of Remineralization Treatment on Primary Enamel’s Microhardness and Mineral Composition Post Iron Drop Interaction  \nAneseh Sadat Tabatabaei Rad , 1 Sara Tavassoli-Hojjati ,2 Reyhane Sadat Hoda ,2 and  \nSaba Aghaei 2  \n1Dental Research Center, Restorative Department, School of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Saba Aghaei; [saba.aghaee@gmail.com](saba.aghaee@gmail.com)  \nReceived 19 August 2024; Revised 27 October 2025; Accepted 20 November 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Hannah Wesley  \nCopyright © 2026 Aneseh Sadat Tabatabaei Rad et al. International Journal of Dentistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nObjectives: This study assessed the effects of remineralizing agents on microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel following iron drop exposure.  \nMaterials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 36 sound primary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 9) of (I) casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), (II) fluoride varnish,(III) MI varnish, and (IV) control. The microhardness of specimens was initially measured by a Vickers hardness tester. The specimens were immersed in iron drop solution in a shaker incubator at 37°C for 5min. They were then rinsed with distilled water, and their microhardness was measured again. The teeth were subsequently split in half. The buccal halves were exposed to the remineralizing agents for 4h, rinsed with distilled water, and immersed in artificial saliva for 24h. They were then immersed in a demineralizing solution for 6h, followed by a remineralizing solution for 18h at 37°C for 10 days. The final microhardness was measured again. The buccal and lingual halves underwent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for mineral content analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05) .  \nResults: Iron drop exposure significantly decreased, and remineralizing agents significantly increased the microhardness (both p \u003C 0:001). The three remineralizing agents had no significant difference in enhancement of microhardness (p ¼ 0:493) . The four groups had significant differences in Ca, F, and Fe contents after the intervention (p \u003C 0:05) .  \nConclusion: Iron drop exposure decreased, and remineralizing agents increased the microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel under in vitro conditions.  \nKeywords: dental enamel; hardness; iron compounds; scanning electron microscopy; tooth remineralization  \n1. Introduction  \nReduction of primary enamel microhardness is a drawback of iron drop consumption in children [1–4]. Iron deficiency has a prevalence of 18%–38% in Iranian children under 5 years of age [5]. The adverse effects ofiron deficiency anemia in children remain for years, and it can decrease the mental, physical, and behavioral functions of children [6]. Iron drops are prescribed for children to prevent this condition [1]. The  \nmajority of iron supplements contain citric acid for taste improvement; however, citric acid decreases the pH and increases enamel dissolution [5] . It can also cause dental erosion [7] . Furthermore, it enhances the enamel susceptibility to discoloration and caries by creating a rough surface [1–4, 8] .  \nCasein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a dietary product that can create a supersaturated state of calcium and phosphate in the enamel and  \n2 International Journal of Dentistry  \nreplace the lost minerals in the","cbCaiqmPAyuPohES","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqmPAyuPohES","pdf",1004446,"English","# Objectives\n# Materials and Methods\n## Experimental groups\n## Microhardness testing and mineral analysis\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To assess how remineralizing agents affect the microhardness and mineral content of primary enamel after iron drop exposure under in vitro conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the teeth and experimental groups arranged?\",\"answer\":\"Thirty-six sound primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups: CPP-ACP, fluoride varnish, MI varnish, and a control group.\"},{\"question\":\"What impact did iron drop exposure and remineralizing agents have?\",\"answer\":\"Iron drop exposure significantly decreased enamel microhardness, while all remineralizing agents significantly increased it; the three remineralizing agents did not differ significantly in microhardness enhancement.\"}]","Assessment of Remineralization Treatment on Primary Enamel’s Microhardness and Mineral Composition Post Iron Drop Interaction - Research Article | PDF",1790707210]