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Development of speech is tightly connected with the maturation of motor, cognitive, and perceptual systems, supporting successful school inclusion. The research examines when facial orofacial/ideomotor practice needs can be identified in children with developmental articulation disorders to enable timely stimulation. Forty-five children aged 3–6 participated, and two test subscales were analyzed. Results show no significant gender effects, while age relates to better facial muscle practice and ideomotor outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/assessment-of-facial-musculation-practice-and-ideomotor-apraxia-in-children-with-speech-disorders-a-pedagogical-study/581102/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessment-of-facial-musculation-practice-and-ideomotor-apraxia-in-children-with-speech-disorders-a-pedagogical-study/581102.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rowan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the purpose of assessing facial musculation practice and ideomotor apraxia?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study aims to identify when the need for orofacial and ideomotor practice can be observed in children with developmental articulation disorders, enabling timely developmental stimulation.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How many children participated, and what were their ages?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Forty-five children with developmental articulation disorders participated, including 26 boys and 19 girls, aged 3 to 6 years.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Did gender and age relate differently to test outcomes?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"No statistically significant relationship was found between gender and development levels of the measured practices. A significant relationship was found between age and achievements, with older children performing better.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},581102,1792094052,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":142,"read_time":46},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Research in Pedagogy, Vol. 15, No. 2, Year 2025, pp. 549-556  \nIvana Ilić-Savić1 Original scientific paper  \nUniversity of Belgrade, UDC: 376.36:159.946.3  \nFaculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation  \nMirjana Petrović-Lazić 2 [http://doi.org/10.5937/IstrPed2502549I](http://doi.org/10.5937/IstrPed2502549I)  \nUniversity of Belgrade,  \nFaculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation  \n==================================================================================  \nASSESSMENT OF FACIAL MUSCULATION PRACTICE AND IDEOMOTOR APRAXIA IN CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS3  \nAbstract: Speech is a fundamental instrument of learning, social interaction and academic achievement in childhood. Speech development is closely linked to the maturity of motor, cognitive and perceptual functions, which together form the basis of successful school inclusion. In this context, the assessment of facial muscle practice and ideomotor practice has not only diagnostic, but also pedagogical significance, as it allows for the early detection offactors that may affect the child's speech and academic development. The goal of the research is to examine at what age the need for practicing orofacial and ideomotor practice can be observed in children with developmental articulation disorders in order to work on proper development stimulation in time. 45 children with developmental articulation disorders participated in the study. The sample is voluntary and includes children of both sexes (26 boys and 19 girls), aged 3 to 6 years. The sample included children attending the preschool institution \"Cvetić\", whose parents were informed about the aim and procedure of the research and gave written consent for their child to participate. The research used the Practical Organization Assessment Test. The test consists of five subtests, and for the purposes of this research, data from two subtests were analyzed: assessments of facial muscles and ideomotor practice. These subtests were selected because they provide insight into the qualitative and quantitative aspects of practical abilities that are relevant to the research goals. Data processing was performed in the SPPS program, using the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the conducted research showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender and the level of development of facial muscle practice and ideomotor practice in preschool children, which indicates that these abilities have a similar developmental course in boys and girls. In contrast, a significant relationship was found between age and achievements in tests of facial muscle practice and ideomotor practice - older children show better organization, coordination and control of movements compared to younger children. The results emphasize the importance of encouraging motor and speech development in preschool age, as a prerequisite for successful articulation and school readiness.  \nKey words: facial musculature practice, ideomotor practice, developmental articulation disorder, academic success  \n[1](1 ivana.ilic558@gmail.com)[ ivana.ilic558@gmail.com](1 ivana.ilic558@gmail.com); ORCID: 0009-0001-1922-4157  \n[2](2 carica@rcub.bg.ac.rs)[ carica@rcub.bg.ac.rs](2 carica@rcub.bg.ac.rs); ORCID: 0000-0002-9496-7620  \n3 The work was created as a result of research within the project \"Evaluation of the treatment of acquired speech and language disorders”(ON 200096) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and technological development of the Republic of Serbia.  \nResearch in Pedagogy, Vol. 15, No. 2, Year 2025, pp. 549-556  \nIntroduction  \nSpeech development is one of the key aspects of a child's overall psychological and academic development. Speech is not only a means of communication, but also the basis for cognitive processing, language acquisition, reading, writing and understanding complex symbolic systems that form the backbone of school learning (Snowling & Hulme, 2020). That is why speech disorders ","cbCaiugm1WbKQJUY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiugm1WbKQJUY","pdf",135630,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Speech development and school learning\n## Developmental articulation disorder in preschool children\n## Assessing facial musculature practice and ideomotor apraxia\n## Links between orofacial motor skills and articulation errors","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of assessing facial musculation practice and ideomotor apraxia?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to identify when the need for orofacial and ideomotor practice can be observed in children with developmental articulation disorders, enabling timely developmental stimulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How many children participated, and what were their ages?\",\"answer\":\"Forty-five children with developmental articulation disorders participated, including 26 boys and 19 girls, aged 3 to 6 years.\"},{\"question\":\"Did gender and age relate differently to test outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"No statistically significant relationship was found between gender and development levels of the measured practices. A significant relationship was found between age and achievements, with older children performing better.\"}]","Assessment of Facial Musculation Practice and Ideomotor Apraxia in Children with Speech Disorders - A Pedagogical Study | PDF",1792038851]