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This study assesses vulnerability to Candida colonization using Social Determinants of Health among college students in Puebla, Mexico. A descriptive cross-sectional design examined 112 university community participants. Candida isolates from oral samples were phenotypically identified and confirmed with VITEK®2 YST. Socioeconomic determinants were measured via the Marginalization Index, then analyzed with Chi-square, Spearman correlation, and multiple binary logistic regression to identify key associations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/assessing-the-vulnerability-of-candida-colonization-through-social-determinants-of-health-among-college-students-in-puebla-mexico/442310/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessing-the-vulnerability-of-candida-colonization-through-social-determinants-of-health-among-college-students-in-puebla-mexico/442310.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kurz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study designed to assess about Candida in college students?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study assesses vulnerability of Candida colonization through Social Determinants of Health among college students in Puebla, Mexico.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were Candida isolates collected and identified?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Candida isolates were obtained from oral samples deposited on two culture media, then phenotypically identified and confirmed using VITEK®2 YST.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which social determinants were most important for Candida colonization?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Age, not using the health care system, and frequently consuming high-sugar or junk food were identified as the most important determinants.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},442310,1790766250,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478945635,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Morales-Ramírez et al. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2026) 45:2  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01153-1](https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01153-1)  \nJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nAssessing the vulnerability of Candida colonization through social determinants of health among college students in Puebla, Mexico  \nKaren del Carmen Morales-Ramírez 1, Teresa Soledad Cid-Pérez3, Esperanza Duarte-Escalante4, María del Carmen Guadalupe Avelino-Flores5, Raúl Avila-Sosa3* and Ricardo Munguía-Pérez2*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Socioeconomic disparities have been observed to negatively impact student health by increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases due to opportunistic pathogens. This research aims to assess the vulnerability of Candida through Social Determinants of Health among college students in Puebla, Mexico.  \nMethods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients from a university community. Candida isolates were obtained from oral samples directly deposited on two culture media. Species were phenotypically identified and confirmed using VITEK®2 YST. Socioeconomic characteristics were assessed through a survey using the main indicators ofthe Marginalization Index, a measurement tool for social inequality from the perspective of territorial units in Mexico. Pearson’s Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation were used to evaluate the association between individual determinants and Candida colonization. Additionally, a multiple binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the most important determinants in Candida colonization.  \nResults The prevalence of Candida spp. colonization in the population was 58. 9% . Four species were identified, with C. glabrata (26 . 6%) being the most frequent; however, in the female population, C. albicans was the most frequent. The results did not indicate a significant association between most determinants; however, a significant difference was observed regarding carbohydrate-rich diet (p \u003C 0. 05) . The most important social determinants in Candida colonization among college population were identified as age (with increasing age, the probability of colonization increases,  \nOR = 2 . 3170; CI: 1. 0325, 5 . 1997), students not using the health care system (OR = 3 . 1576; CI: 1. 0232, 9 . 7445), and those frequently consuming high-sugar or junk food (OR = 3 . 8996; CI: 1. 3559, 11. 2152) .  \nConclusions The importance of encouraging the use of health services in college population for timely medical care and the prevention of comorbidities and habits that may be risk factors for Candida colonization and potential infection is highlighted. Additionally, measures promoting healthy eating among students are proposed.  \n*Correspondence:  \nRaúl Avila-Sosa [raul.avila@correo.buap. mx](raul.avila@correo.buap. mx)[ ](raul.avila@correo.buap. mx)Ricardo Munguía-Pérez [ricardo.munguia@correo.buap. mx](ricardo.munguia@correo.buap. mx)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission direc","cbCailbmHQ5ULxuT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailbmHQ5ULxuT","pdf",1301063,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What is the study designed to assess about Candida in college students?\",\"answer\":\"The study assesses vulnerability of Candida colonization through Social Determinants of Health among college students in Puebla, Mexico.\"},{\"question\":\"How were Candida isolates collected and identified?\",\"answer\":\"Candida isolates were obtained from oral samples deposited on two culture media, then phenotypically identified and confirmed using VITEK®2 YST.\"},{\"question\":\"Which social determinants were most important for Candida colonization?\",\"answer\":\"Age, not using the health care system, and frequently consuming high-sugar or junk food were identified as the most important determinants.\"}]","Assessing the vulnerability of Candida colonization through social determinants of health among college students in Puebla, Mexico | PDF",1790699788,28]