[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-626550-105":59,"doc-detail-626550-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","assessing-measurement-model-quality-in-pls-sem-using-confirmatory-composite-analysis","Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis","","The study introduces an initial overview of measurement quality assessment and concentrates on confirming measurement quality within partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). It presents the process of confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) and explains measurement model assessment steps for both reflective and formative models. Compared with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), CCA is positioned as an alternative applied to measurement models, including established measures adapted to new contexts, and it supports developing new measures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/assessing-measurement-model-quality-in-pls-sem-using-confirmatory-composite-analysis/626550/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessing-measurement-model-quality-in-pls-sem-using-confirmatory-composite-analysis/626550.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) in the context of PLS-SEM?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CCA is a sequence of steps executed with PLS-SEM to confirm measurement models. It applies to both reflective and formative measurement models of established measures being updated for different contexts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does CCA differ from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper contrasts CCA with CFA and presents CCA as a recently proposed alternative approach for confirming measurement models when using PLS-SEM.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the purpose of assessing measurement quality before applying PLS-SEM?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The assessment focuses on measurement model quality to ensure constructs are measured accurately. The paper reviews how measurement quality has been examined historically and then guides the application of CCA in PLS-SEM.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},626550,1792879055,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Journal of Business Research 109 (2020) 101–110  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nJournal of Business Research journal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbus res)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/jbus res](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbus res)  \nAssessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis  \nJoe F. Hair Jr.a,⁎, Matthew C. Howarda, Christian Nitzlb  \na Department of Marketing & Quantitative Methods, Mitchell College of Business, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA b Center for Intelligence and Security Studies, University of the German Armed Forces, Munich, Germany  \n\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Confirmatory composite analysis CCA\u003Cbr>PLS-SEM\u003Cbr>Confirmatory factor analysis\u003Cbr>CFA\u003Cbr>Measurement model confirmation |  | Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has historically been used to develop and improve reflectively measured constructs based on the domain sampling model. Compared to CFA, confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) is a recently proposed alternative approach applied to confirm measurement models when using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). CCA is a series of steps executed with PLS-SEM to confirm both reflective and formative measurement models of established measures that are being updated or adapted to adifferent context. CCA is also useful for developing new measures. Finally, CCA offers several advantages over other approaches for confirming measurement models consisting of linear composites. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nSocial scientists have been examining measurement quality for decades. The process of examining and assessing measurement quality is generally associated with the field of psychometrics. This process was initially referred to as item analysis and involved applying statistical methods to select items to include in a psychological test. Guilford (1936) is often identified as the first scholar to refer to the concept of item analysis. The item analysis process varies depending on the context or discipline, but the purpose of item analysis is to develop a relatively small number of items (indicators) that can be used to accurately measure a concept (Crocker & Algina, 1986).  \nThe purpose of this paper is to provide an initial overview of measurement quality assessment, and then to focus on describing the method of confirming measurement quality when applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Specifically, we introduce the process of confirmatory composite analysis (CCA), the measurement model assessment steps in PLS-SEM, compare these steps to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then describe the steps to apply the method, including rules of thumb to guide the researcher in interpreting each stage of the analysis for both reflective and formative measurement models. This research focuses on CCA as the initial step in PLS-SEM since this method is the most popular composite method for estimating SEMs. It should be noted, however, that CCA can be conducted using other composite-based methods, such as generalized structured component analysis (Hwang & Takane, 2004). While our  \nrecommendations are positioned in the context of PLS-SEM due to its statistical benefits, the current article and CCA provides implications for the broader scope of composite-based methods.  \n2. Background  \nThe assessment of measurement models was an outgrowth of classical test theory. One of the earliest concepts of classical test theory was proposed by Charles Spearman (1904) . He developed a method for correcting a correlation coefficient for measurement error, referred to as attenuation, as well as a reliability index used in making the correction. Other early social scientists contributing to the development of classical test theory include the work by George Yule (1907, 1911), Fritz Kuder (Hakel, 2000), Marion Richardson (Lorr & Heiser, 1965), and Louis Guttman (Stouffer et al.","cbCaidL4293YR3dX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidL4293YR3dX","pdf",296240,"English","# Introduction\n# Background","[{\"question\":\"What is confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) in the context of PLS-SEM?\",\"answer\":\"CCA is a sequence of steps executed with PLS-SEM to confirm measurement models. It applies to both reflective and formative measurement models of established measures being updated for different contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"How does CCA differ from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)?\",\"answer\":\"The paper contrasts CCA with CFA and presents CCA as a recently proposed alternative approach for confirming measurement models when using PLS-SEM.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of assessing measurement quality before applying PLS-SEM?\",\"answer\":\"The assessment focuses on measurement model quality to ensure constructs are measured accurately. The paper reviews how measurement quality has been examined historically and then guides the application of CCA in PLS-SEM.\"}]","Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis | PDF",1792538469,25]