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Covers when self-determination and confidentiality may be limited or breached to prevent serious, foreseeable, imminent harm, including discussion of applicable California laws and key case precedents. Provides clinician style cues and a structured set of suicide risk assessment questions addressing ideation, planning, access to means, protective factors, past attempts, and future expectations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/assessing-client-dangerousness-to-self-and-others-stratified-risk-management-approaches/328859/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/assessing-client-dangerousness-to-self-and-others-stratified-risk-management-approaches/328859.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eliana","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"When may social workers limit client self-determination in relation to risk to self or others?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"When, based on professional judgment, client actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What ethical and legal basis supports breaching confidentiality to prevent harm?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Confidentiality should be protected except for compelling professional reasons, and the duty to disclose the least necessary information applies when disclosure is needed to prevent serious, foreseeable, imminent harm to a client or other identifiable person.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the core elements included in the suicide risk assessment question set?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The set addresses suicidal ideation, planning/means, access to means, protective factors, past attempts/experiences, and future expectations, including how others may react if the client died by suicide.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},328859,1790436595,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},4398048949847,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267","Assessing Client Dangerousness To Self and Others:  \nStratified Risk Management  \nApproaches  \nGreg Merrill, LCSW September 18, 2013  \nRelevant Ethical Standards from NASW Code of Ethics  \n1.01 Commitment to Clients  \nSocial workers’ primary responsibility is to promote the well-being of clients. In general, clients’ interests are primary. However, social workers’ responsibility to the larger society or specific legal obligations may on limited occasions supersede the loyalty owed clients, and clients should so be advised.  \n1.01 Self-Determination  \nSocial workers respect and promote the right of clients to self-determination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals. Social workers may limit clients’ rights to self-determination when, in the social workers’ professional judgment, clients’ actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.  \n1.07 Privacy and Confidentiality  \nSocial workers should protect the confidentiality of all information obtained in the course of professional service, except for compelling professional reasons. The general expectation that social workers will keep information confidential does not apply when disclosure is necessary to prevent serious, foreseeable, and imminent harm to a client or other identifiable person. In all instances, social workers should disclose the least amount of confidential information necessary to achieve the desired purpose; only information that is directly relevant to the purpose for which the disclosure is made should be revealed.  \nRelevant California Laws Related to Lawful Breach of Confidentiality  \nWelfare and Institutions Code 5150  \nWhen any person, as a result of mental disorder, is a danger to others, or to himself, or herself, or gravely disabled1, a peace officer, member of the attending staff   of an evaluation facility designated by the county, designated members ofa mobile crisis team   or other professional person designated by the county may, upon probable cause, take, or cause to betaken, the person into custody and place him or her in a facility designated by the county and approved by the State Department of Mental Health as a facility for 72-hour treatment and evaluation.  \nCivil Code 43.92  \n. . . If the patient has communicated . . .a serious threat of physical violence against a reasonably identifiable victim or victims . . .a psychotherapist discharges his or her duty to protect by making reasonable efforts to communicate the threat to the intended victim or victims and to a law enforcement agency . . .  \n1 “Grave disability” usually refers to the condition of a client who is so impaired by a mental disorder that they are unable to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, or shelter and/or who has been assessed by a medical professional to be “mentally incompetent” due to mental disorder.  \nRelevant Case Law for Breaching Confidentiality  \nTara off v. Regents of UC (1974, 1976)  \nThe Supreme Court of California held that mental health professionals have a duty to protect individuals who are being threatened with bodily harm by a patient. The original 1974 decision mandated warning the threatened individual, but a 1976 rehearing of the case by the California Supreme Court called for a \"duty to protect\" the intended victim. The professional may discharge the duty in several ways, including notifying police, warning the intended victim, and/or taking other reasonable steps to protect the threatened individual.  \nEwing v. Goldstein (2004)  \nUpheld in appellate court, Ewing v. Goldstein is a landmark court case that extended California mental health professional's duty to protect identifiable victims of potentially violent to include acting upon communications from third parties, particularly family members and particularly if that information“leads the therapist to believe or predict that the patient poses a serious risk of grave bodily injury to another.”  \nKey Suicide","cbCaihoVv5076AoC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihoVv5076AoC","pdf",868599,26,"English","# Relevant Ethical Standards from NASW Code of Ethics\n## Commitment to Clients\n## Self-Determination\n## Privacy and Confidentiality\n# Relevant California Laws Related to Lawful Breach of Confidentiality\n## Welfare and Institutions Code 5150\n## Civil Code 43.92\n# Relevant Case Law for Breaching Confidentiality\n## Tara off v. Regents of UC (1974, 1976)\n## Ewing v. Goldstein (2004)\n# Key Suicide Risk Assessment Questions\n## Suicidal Ideation\n## Suicidal Planning (Means)\n## Access to Means\n## Protective Factors\n## Past Experiences\n## Future Expectations","[{\"question\":\"When may social workers limit client self-determination in relation to risk to self or others?\",\"answer\":\"When, based on professional judgment, client actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to themselves or others.\"},{\"question\":\"What ethical and legal basis supports breaching confidentiality to prevent harm?\",\"answer\":\"Confidentiality should be protected except for compelling professional reasons, and the duty to disclose the least necessary information applies when disclosure is needed to prevent serious, foreseeable, imminent harm to a client or other identifiable person.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the core elements included in the suicide risk assessment question set?\",\"answer\":\"The set addresses suicidal ideation, planning/means, access to means, protective factors, past attempts/experiences, and future expectations, including how others may react if the client died by suicide.\"}]","Assessing Client Dangerousness To Self and Others - Stratified Risk Management Approaches | PDF",1789981372,66]