[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40621-en":3,"doc-seo-40621-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},40621,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",2,"Literature","Aspects of the Theory of Syntax 50th Anniversary Edition","Aspects of the Theory of Syntax presents Noam Chomsky’s account of syntactic theory within a generative framework, focusing on what grammar must generate and how linguistic competence can be modeled. The book outlines methodological foundations, discusses deep structure, grammatical transformations, and evaluation procedures, and develops categories and relations in syntactic structure. It connects syntax to performance through distinctions between descriptive and explanatory theories, formal/substantive universals, and the organization of a generative grammar.","Aspects of the Theory of Syntax  \nAspects of the Theory of Syntax  \nNoam Chomsky  \nThe MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England  \n© 1965 Massachusetts Institute of Technology  \nPreface to the 50th anniversary edition © 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.  \nMIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email special_sales @[mitpress.mit.edu](mitpress.mit.edu).  \nThis book was set in Times LT Std 10/13pt by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chomsky, Noam.  \nAspects of the theory of syntax : 50th Anniversary Edition / Noam Chomsky.—50th Anniversary Edition.  \npages cm.—(Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics. Special technical report no. 11)  \nOriginally published as a Special technical report \\# 11 in 1965. Includes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 978-0-262-52740-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. I. Title. II. Title: Theory of syntax. III. Series: Special technical report (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics) ; no. 11.  \nP291 .C4 2014 415—dc23  \n2014031349  \n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nAcknowledgment  \nThis is Special Technical Report Number 11 of the Research Laboratory of Electronics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  \nThe Research Laboratory of Electronics is an interdepartmental laboratory in which faculty members and graduate students from numerous academic departments conduct research.  \nThe research reported in this document was made possible in part by support extended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, by the joint services electronics programs (U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force) under Contract No. DA36-039-AMC-03200(E); additional support was received from the U.S. Air Force (Electronic Systems Division under Contract AF19(628)-2487), the National Science Foundation (Grant GP-2495), the National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-04), and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-496) .  \nReproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government.  \nContents  \nPreface to the 50th Anniversary Edition ix Preface xxi  \n1 Methodological Preliminaries 1  \n§ 1. Generative Grammars as Theories of Linguistic Competence 1  \n§ 2. Toward a Theory of Performance 8  \n§ 3. The Organization of a Generative Grammar 14  \n§ 4. Justification of Grammars 17  \n§ 5. Formal and Substantive Universals 27  \n§ 6. Further Remarks on Descriptive and Explanatory Theories 30  \n§ 7. On Evaluation Procedures 37  \n§ 8. Linguistic Theory and Language Learning 48  \n§ 9. Generative Capacity and Its Linguistic Relevance 62  \n2 Categories and Relations in Syntactic Theory 67  \n§ 1. The Scope of the Base 67  \n§ 2. Aspects of Deep Structure 69  \n§ 2.1. Categorization 69  \n§ 2.2. Functional notions 73  \n§ 2.3. Syntactic features 80  \n§ 2.3.1. The problem 80  \n§ 2.3.2. Some formal similarities between syntax and phonology 85  \nviii Contents  \n§ 2.3.3. General structure of the base component 90  \n§ 2.3.4. Context-sensitive subcategorization rules 97  \n§ 3. An Illustrative Fragment of the Base Component 115  \n§ 4. Types of Base Rules 119  \n§ 4.1. Summary 119  \n§ 4.2. Selectional rules and grammatical relations 121  \n§ 4.3. Further remarks on subcategorization rules 128  \n§ 4.4. The role of categorial rules 132  \n3 Deep Structures and Grammatical Transformations 137  \n4 Some Residual Problems 159  \n§ 1. The Boundaries of Syntax and Semantics 159  \n§ 1.1. Degrees of grammaticalness 159  \n§ 1.2. Fu","cbCaibGoZNUkyeLk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibGoZNUkyeLk","pdf",2489252,1,295,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Preface to the 50th Anniversary Edition\n# 1 Methodological Preliminaries\n## Generative Grammars as Theories of Linguistic Competence\n## Toward a Theory of Performance\n## The Organization of a Generative Grammar\n## Justification of Grammars\n## Formal and Substantive Universals\n## Further Remarks on Descriptive and Explanatory Theories\n## On Evaluation Procedures\n## Linguistic Theory and Language Learning\n## Generative Capacity and Its Linguistic Relevance\n# 2 Categories and Relations in Syntactic Theory\n## The Scope of the Base\n## Aspects of Deep Structure\n## Categorization\n## Functional notions\n## Syntactic features\n## An Illustrative Fragment of the Base Component\n## Types of Base Rules\n# 3 Deep Structures and Grammatical Transformations\n# 4 Some Residual Problems","[{\"question\":\"What is the Basic Principle of human language described in the 50th anniversary preface?\",\"answer\":\"Each individual’s language generates a pair of interpretations—sensorimotor (SM) and conceptual-intentional (C-I)—for infinitely many hierarchically structured expressions. SM links to externalization systems, while C-I links to thought and action systems.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book frame grammar and linguistic competence?\",\"answer\":\"Generative grammars are treated as theories of linguistic competence, aiming to model the generative process rather than listing separate linguistic entities. The approach distinguishes internal language (I-language) from other uses of the term grammar.\"},{\"question\":\"Which topics are covered in the early chapters on syntactic theory?\",\"answer\":\"The contents include methodological preliminaries such as generative grammars, performance, justification, universals, and evaluation procedures. Later sections develop categories and relations, deep structure aspects, features, and types of base rules.\"}]",1783313490,454,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"aspects-of-the-theory-of-syntax-50th-anniversary-edition","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,52,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,46,49],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aspects-of-the-theory-of-syntax-50th-anniversary-edition/40621/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":40,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-11","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":11},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is the Basic Principle of human language described in the 50th anniversary preface?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Each individual’s language generates a pair of interpretations—sensorimotor (SM) and conceptual-intentional (C-I)—for infinitely many hierarchically structured expressions. SM links to externalization systems, while C-I links to thought and action systems.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does the book frame grammar and linguistic competence?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Generative grammars are treated as theories of linguistic competence, aiming to model the generative process rather than listing separate linguistic entities. The approach distinguishes internal language (I-language) from other uses of the term grammar.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Which topics are covered in the early chapters on syntactic theory?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The contents include methodological preliminaries such as generative grammars, performance, justification, universals, and evaluation procedures. 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