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The report focuses on identifying regurgitation mechanisms and provides echocardiographic assessment strategies, including general principles, comprehensive imaging, integrative interpretation, and individualized reporting. It details imaging approaches and Doppler-based techniques such as color Doppler, pulsed Doppler, continuous-wave Doppler, and quantitative methods to estimate severity and assess effects on cardiac remodeling.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ase-guidelines-and-standards-recommendations-for-noninvasive-evaluation-of-native-valvular-regurgitation/496709/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ase-guidelines-and-standards-recommendations-for-noninvasive-evaluation-of-native-valvular-regurgitation/496709.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",21,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of these guidelines?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"These recommendations provide a standardized, noninvasive approach to evaluating native valvular regurgitation, emphasizing mechanism identification and echocardiographic assessment.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the document suggest identifying the mechanism of regurgitation?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It outlines evaluation steps within general considerations, including comprehensive imaging and integrative interpretation tailored to individual patients.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which Doppler-based and quantitative techniques are covered?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It covers color Doppler, pulsed Doppler, continuous-wave Doppler, and quantitative approaches, including volumetric methods and the PISA (proximal isovelocity surface area) method.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},496709,1791092572,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","ASE GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS  \nRecommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation  \nA Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular  \nMagnetic Resonance  \nWilliam A. Zoghbi, MD, FASE (Chair), David Adams, RCS, RDCS, FASE, Robert O. Bonow, MD, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, MD, Elyse Foster, MD, FASE, Paul A. Grayburn, MD, FASE, Rebecca T. Hahn, MD, FASE, Yuchi Han, MD, MMSc, * Judy Hung, MD, FASE, Roberto M. Lang, MD, FASE, Stephen H. Little, MD, FASE, Dipan J. Shah, MD, MMSc, * Stanton Shernan, MD, FASE, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, MD, MSc, FASE, * James D. Thomas, MD, FASE, and Neil J. Weissman, MD, FASE, Houston and Dallas, Texas; Durham, North Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; Rochester, Minnesota; San Francisco, California; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts;  \nToronto, Ontario, Canada; and Washington, DC  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS   \nI. Introduction 305  \nII. Evaluation of Valvular Regurgitation: General Considerations 305  \nA. Identifying the Mechanism of Regurgitation 305  \nB. Evaluating Valvular Regurgitation with Echocardiography 305  \n1. General Principles 305  \na. Comprehensive imaging 306  \nb. Integrative interpretation 306  \nc. Individualization 306  \nd. Precise language 306  \n2. Echocardiographic Imaging 306  \na. Valve structure and severity of regurgitation 306  \nb. Impact of regurgitation on cardiac remodeling 307  \n3. Color Doppler Imaging 307  \na. Jet characteristics and jet area 308  \nb. Vena contracta 309  \nc. Flow convergence 309  \n4. Pulsed Doppler 310  \na. Forward flow 310  \nb. Flow reversal 310  \n5. Continuous Wave Doppler 310  \na. Spectral density 310  \nb. Timing of regurgitation 310  \nc. Time course of the regurgitant velocity 310  \n6. Quantitative Approaches to Valvular Regurgitation 311  \na. Quantitative pulsed Doppler method 311  \nb. Quantitative volumetric method 312  \nc. Flow convergence method (proximal isovelocity surface area [PISA] method) 312  \nFrom Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (W.A.Z., S.H.L., D.J.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.); Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (R.O.B., J.D.T.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (M.E.-S.); University of California, San Francisco, California (E.F.); Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (P.A.G.); Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, (R.T.H.); Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.H.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.H.); University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.M.L.); Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.S.); Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P.T.); and MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC (N.J.W.) .  \nThe following authors reported no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this document: David Adams, RCS, RDCS, FASE; Robert O. Bonow, MD; Judy Hung, MD, FASE; Stephen H. Little, MD, FASE; Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, MD, MSc; and Neil J. Weissman, MD, FASE. The following authors reported relationships with one or more commercial interests: Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, MD, received research support from Edwards LLC; Elyse Foster, MD, FASE, received grant support from Abbott Vascular Structural Heart and consulted for Gilead; Paul A. Grayburn, MD, FASE, consulted for Abbott Vascular, Neochord, and Tendyne and received research support from Abbott Vascular, Tendyne, Valtech, Edwards, Medtronic, Neochord, and Boston Scientific; Rebecca T. Hahn, MD, FASE, is a speaker for Philips Healthcare, St. Jude’s Medical, and Boston Scientific; Yuchi Han, MD, MMSc, received research support from Gilead and GE; Roberto M.  \nLang, MD, FASE, is on the advisory board of and received grant support from Phillips Medical Systems; Dipan Shah, MD, MMSc, received research grant support from Abbott Vascular and Gue","cbCaipcLQzG3R04k","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipcLQzG3R04k","pdf",2342325,69,"English","# Introduction\n# Evaluation of Valvular Regurgitation: General Considerations\n## Identifying the Mechanism of Regurgitation\n## Evaluating Valvular Regurgitation with Echocardiography","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of these guidelines?\",\"answer\":\"These recommendations provide a standardized, noninvasive approach to evaluating native valvular regurgitation, emphasizing mechanism identification and echocardiographic assessment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document suggest identifying the mechanism of regurgitation?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines evaluation steps within general considerations, including comprehensive imaging and integrative interpretation tailored to individual patients.\"},{\"question\":\"Which Doppler-based and quantitative techniques are covered?\",\"answer\":\"It covers color Doppler, pulsed Doppler, continuous-wave Doppler, and quantitative approaches, including volumetric methods and the PISA (proximal isovelocity surface area) method.\"}]","ASE Guidelines and Standards - Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation | PDF",1790938769,174]