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in Economics A (9EC0) |\n| --- |\n| Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Economics A (8EC0) |\n\nGetting Started: AS and A level Economics A  \nContents  \n1. Introduction 1  \n2. What’s changed? 4  \n2.1 How have AS and A level changed? 4  \nChanges to AS and A level qualifications 4  \nChanges to subject criteria 4  \nChanges to Assessment Objectives 6  \n2.2 Changes to the Pearson Edexcel AS and A level Economics A specifications 7  \nSpecification overview 7  \nChanges to specification content 9  \nChanges to assessment 11  \n3. Planning 13  \n3.1 Planning and delivering linear AS and A level courses 13  \n3.2 Delivery models 13  \n3.3 Co-teaching AS and A level 14  \n3.4 Suggested resources 14  \n4. Content guidance 15  \nIntroduction 15  \nTheme 1: Introduction to markets and market failure 15  \n1.1.1 Economics as a social science 15  \n1.1.2 Positive and normative economic statements 16  \n1.1.3 The economic problem 16  \n1.1.4 Production possibility frontiers 16  \n1.1.5 Specialisation and the division of labour 17  \n1.1.6 Free market economies, mixed economy and command economy 18  \n1.2.1 Rational decision making 18  \n1.2.2 Demand 18  \n1.2.3 Price, income and cross elasticities of demand 19  \n1.2.4 Supply 21  \n1.2.5 Elasticity of supply 22  \n1.2.6 Price determination 22  \n1.2.7 Price mechanism 23  \n1.2.8 Consumer and producer surplus 24  \n1.2.9 Indirect taxes and subsidies 24  \n1.2.10 Alternative views of consumer behaviour 25  \n1.3.1 Types of market failure 26  \n1.3.2 Externalities 26  \n1.3.3 Public goods 27  \n1.3.4 Information gaps 27  \n1.4.1 Government intervention in markets 27  \n1.4.2 Government failure 30  \nTheme 2: The UK economy – performance and policies 31  \n2.1.1 Economic growth 31  \n2.1.2 Inflation 32  \n2.1.3 Employment and unemployment 33  \n2.1.4 Balance of payments 34  \n2.2.1 The characteristics of aggregate demand (AD) 34  \n2.2.2 Consumption (C) 35  \n2.2.3 Investment (I) 35  \n2.2.4 Government expenditure (G) 36  \n2.2.5 Net trade (X-M) 36  \n2.3.1 The characteristics of AS 36  \n2.3.2 Short-run AS 37  \n2.3.3 Long-run AS 37  \n2.4.1 National income 38  \n2.4.2 Injections and withdrawals 38  \n2.4.3 Equilibrium levels of real national output 39  \n2.4.4 The multiplier 39  \n2.5.1 Causes of growth 39  \n2.5.2 Output gaps 40  \n2.5.3 Trade (business) cycle 41  \n2.5.4 The impact of economic growth 42  \n2.6.1 Possible macroeconomic objectives 43  \n2.6.2 Demand-side policies 43  \n2.6.3 Supply-side policies 45  \n2.6.4 Conflicts and trade-offs between objectives and policies 46  \nTheme 3: Business behaviour and the labour market 48  \n3.1.1 Sizes and types of firm 48  \n3.1.2 Business growth 48  \n3.1.3 Demergers 49  \n3.2.1 Business objectives 50  \n3.3.1 Revenue 51  \n3.3.2 Costs 52  \n3.3.3 Economies and diseconomies of scale 52  \n3.3.4 Normal profits, supernormal profits and losses 52  \n3.4.1 Efficiency 53  \n3.4.2 Perfect competition 54  \n3.4.3 Monopolistic competition 56  \n3.4.4 Oligopoly 57  \n3.4.5 Monopoly 57  \n3.4.6 Monopsony 60  \n3.4.7 Contestability 61  \n3.5.1 Demand for labour 62  \n3.5.2 Supply of labour 62  \n3.5.3 Wage determination in competitive and  \nnon-competitive markets 63  \n3.6.1 Government intervention 65  \n3.6.2 The impact of government intervention 65  \nTheme 4: A global perspective 66  \n4.1.1 Globalisation 66  \n4.1.2 Specialisation and trade 67  \n4.1.3 Patterns of trade 68  \n4.1.4 Terms of trade 68  \n4.1.5 Trading blocs and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) 69  \n4.1.6 Restrictions on free trade 69  \n4.1.7 Balance of payments 71  \n4.1.8 Exchange rates 73  \n4.1.9 International competitiveness 74  \n4.2.1 Absolute and relative poverty 75  \n4.2.2 Inequality 75  \n4.3.1 Measures of development 77  \n4.3.2 Factors influencing growth and development 78  \n4.3.3 Strategies influencing growth and development 79  \n4.4.1 Role of financial markets 81  \n4.4.2 Market failure in the financial sector 82  \n4.4.3 Role of central banks 82  \n4.5.1 P","cbCaibGsTlHImuJ8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibGsTlHImuJ8","pdf",2410187,"English","# Introduction\n# What’s changed?\n## How have AS and A level changed?\n## Changes to the Pearson Edexcel AS and A level Economics A specifications\n# Planning\n## Planning and delivering linear AS and A level courses\n## Delivery models\n## Co-teaching AS and A level\n## Suggested resources\n# Content guidance\n## Theme 1: Introduction to markets and market failure\n## Theme 2: The UK economy – performance and policies\n## Theme 3: Business behaviour and the labour market\n## Theme 4: A global perspective\n# Assessment guidance\n# Quantitative skills\n# Transferable skills\n# Economics and the EPQ","[{\"question\":\"What qualifications does the guide cover for Economics A?\",\"answer\":\"The guide covers Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE Economics A at both AS and A level, shown as 9EC0 and 8EC0.\"},{\"question\":\"What parts are covered under “What’s changed”?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes changes to AS and A level, including qualification and subject criteria, assessment objectives, and updates to the Economics A specification content and assessment.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major topics appear in the content guidance section?\",\"answer\":\"Content guidance is organized into themes, including markets and market failure, the UK economy, business behaviour and the labour market, and a global perspective.\"}]","AS and A level Economics A - Getting Started Guide | PDF",1792462660,265]