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The Smart Nation agenda targets digitising and “datafying” public services, backed by a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy launched in 2019. A revised version was released in late 2023 after Generative AI entered public attention. The paper argues that AI functions not only as a tool, but also as a proxy for Singapore’s global digital reputation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/artificial-intelligence-governing-singapores-smart-digital-journey/504156/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/artificial-intelligence-governing-singapores-smart-digital-journey/504156.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tCallum ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Smart Nation initiative intended to achieve in Singapore?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It aims to digitise and “datafy” as many public services as possible, supporting the broader digital transformation agenda.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"When was Singapore’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy launched and what does it envision?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It was launched in 2019 and envisions Singapore as a global hub for developing, testing, deploying, and scaling AI solutions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the paper characterize the role of AI beyond being a new digital tool?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It contends that AI also serves as a proxy for Singapore’s global “smart nation” reputation and digital standing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},504156,1791154702,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","Communication Research and Practice  \nISSN: 2204-1451 (Print) 2206-3374 (Online) Journal [homepage: ](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/rcrp20)[www.tandfonline.com/journals/rcrp20](homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/rcrp20)  \nArtificial intelligence: governing Singapore’s smart digital journey  \nTerence Lee  \nTo cite this article: Terence Lee (2024) Artificia l intelligence: governing Singapore’s smart digital journey, Communication Research and Practice, 10:3, 307-315, DOI: 10. 1080/22041451 .2024.2346430  \nTo link to this article: [https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2024.2346430](https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2024.2346430)  \n Published online: 06 Jun 2024.  \n\n|  Submit your article to this journal  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Article views: 884 |\n| | View related articles  |\n|  View Crossmark data |  |\n|  Citing articles: 17 View citing articles  |  |\n\nFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcrp20](https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rcrp20)  \nArtificial intelligence: governing Singapore’s smart digital journey  \nTerence Lee   \nPolitics and Communication, Sheridan Institute of Higher Education, Perth, Australia  \nABSTRACT  \nSince the 1990s, Singapore has sought to project itself as innovative and technologically cutting-edge through narratives such as ‘intelligent island’, digital ecosystem’, and more recently,‘smart nation’. The Smart Nation initiative is aimed at digitising and,‘datafying’ as many public services as possible. To this end, the government launched a National Artificial Intelligence Strategy in 2019 that envisions Singapore as a global hub for developing, test-bedding, deploying, and scaling AI solutions. In late 2023, the same year Generative AI entered public consciousness thanks to ChatGPT, Version 2.0 of Singapore’s AI strategy was released. Providing a commentary of Singapore’s digital journey and its governing approaches, this paper contends that AI is more than just a new digital tool for Singaporeans; it is also a proxy for Singapore’s digital and ‘smart nation’ global reputation.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 16 April 2024 Accepted 18 April 2024  \nKEYWORDS  \nArtificial intelligence (AI); Singapore; smart nation; AI strategy; governance  \nFrom hub to smart: an introduction to Singapore’s digital journey  \nSingapore’s entire history has been, before all else, that of a colonial, commercial and military port, its development depending on its geo-strategic position at a meeting-place of sea-routes which are as vital for various great powers outside the region as they are for the countries of South East Asia. (Regnier, 1991, pp. 101-2)  \nThe ambition to turn Singapore into a global hub city for multiple industry sectors has its origins in the city-state’s standing as a central node in global trade routes (Lee, 2016) . From this perspective, AI is but the latest manifestation of Singapore long-held ambition to be a leader in the digital information and media technologies sector. This has been known variously as Singapore’s vision to become: a global media hub, an intelligent island, an infocomm (info-communications) centre, and, in the current context, a ‘Smart Nation’(Leong & Lee, 2021) . The fact that Singapore was ranked third globally in digital competitiveness in 2023 speaks to its success in realising the nation’s digital vision (Chia, 2023) .  \nThe nation’s digital journey started in the early 1980s, when Singapore established itself as a crossroad of international communications, with satellite facilities aided by automatic communication system of databases fully operational and ready to exploit the connectivity that global optical fibre submarine cables would provide (Regnier, 1991,  \nCONTACT Terence Lee  [tlee@sheridan.edu.au](tlee@sheridan.edu.au)  \n© 2024 Australian and New Zealand Communication Association  \n308  T. LEE  \npp. 111–112). Buoyed by its rapid economic growth and re","cbCaiiJUwQeiVerG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiJUwQeiVerG","pdf",701284,"English","# Abstract\n# From hub to smart: an introduction to Singapore’s digital journey\n## Vision of an Intelligent Island: IT2000 Report\n## Formation of iMDA and governance of converged sectors\n## Intelligent Nation 2015 (iN2015) Masterplan\n## Smart Nation initiative and shift in terminology\n## GovTech and delivery of digital government services","[{\"question\":\"What is the Smart Nation initiative intended to achieve in Singapore?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to digitise and “datafy” as many public services as possible, supporting the broader digital transformation agenda.\"},{\"question\":\"When was Singapore’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy launched and what does it envision?\",\"answer\":\"It was launched in 2019 and envisions Singapore as a global hub for developing, testing, deploying, and scaling AI solutions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper characterize the role of AI beyond being a new digital tool?\",\"answer\":\"It contends that AI also serves as a proxy for Singapore’s global “smart nation” reputation and digital standing.\"}]","Artificial intelligence: governing Singapore’s smart digital journey | PDF",1791064421,25]