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Rapid AI tool adoption—including ChatGPT and AI-driven learning platforms—advances universities' digital transformation while bringing infrastructural and ethical constraints into focus. A descriptive bibliometric study maps research trends from 2018–2024 using Scopus and Google Scholar data, applying descriptive statistics and Biblioshiny network visualization to identify publication growth, influential entities, and recurring themes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/artificial-intelligence-and-the-transformation-of-universities-in-indonesia-a-bibliometric-analysis/232276/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/artificial-intelligence-and-the-transformation-of-universities-in-indonesia-a-bibliometric-analysis/232276.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the document’s main research focus?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It investigates how artificial intelligence is transforming universities in Indonesia through a bibliometric analysis of related studies.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What data sources and time range are used in the analysis?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study retrieves data from Scopus and Google Scholar covering 2018 to 2024, then analyzes 143 relevant articles.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which themes are frequently discussed in the literature?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Key themes include AI in teaching and learning, student engagement, academic integrity, and institutional readiness, with growing attention to tools like ChatGPT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},232276,1789070488,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (2025) 8 (1) 46-58 ©UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.37231/myjcam.2025.8.1.160](https://doi.org/10.37231/myjcam.2025.8.1.160)  \nArticle: Received 07.03.2025; Accepted 19.06.2025; Published 31.07.2025  \nARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF UNIVERSITIES IN  \nINDONESIA: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS  \nM. Ryzki Wiryawan􀀎 , Ayu Fatimah  \nDepartment of Computerized Accounting , Universitas Ma’some, Bandung, Indonesia  \n􀀎 [ryzki.wiryawan@gmail.com](ryzki.wiryawan@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, reshaping pedagogical models, institutional operations, and student learning experiences. In Indonesia, the integration of AI tools—such as ChatGPT and AI-driven learning platforms—is accelerating the digital transformation of universities, despite infrastructural and ethical challenges.  \nThis study conducts a descriptive bibliometric analysis to map the research landscape on AI and higher education transformation in Indonesia. Using data retrieved from Scopus and Google Scholar between 2018 and 2024, a total of 143 relevant articles were identified and analyzed. The analysis was performed in two stages: descriptive statistical review and network visualization using Biblioshiny, focusing on publication trends, influential authors, institutional affiliations, and thematic concentrations. The results reveal a sharp increase in publication output since 2020, with significant contributions from private universities such as Bina Nusantara University and Universitas Terbuka.  \nFrequently discussed themes include AI in teaching and learning, student engagement, academic integrity, and institutional readiness. Tools like ChatGPT are highlighted for their growing influence on academic performance and curriculum innovation. While AI adoption shows promise in enhancing educational quality and operational efficiency, ethical concerns such as data privacy and academic honesty remain central. This study offers a comprehensive overview of current trends and identifies research gaps and collaboration opportunities, providing a foundation for future investigations on AI integration in Indonesian higher education.  \nKeywords: AI, ChatGPT , descriptive analysis, network visualization, higher education  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nArtificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force across various sectors, including higher education. This technology—capable of processing massive volumes of data, identifying complex patterns, and delivering highly personalized solutions—has become an invaluable asset for educators and learners alike [1]-[2] . AI not only transforms how individuals interact with information but also accelerates innovation in learning processes, campus administration, and data-driven decision-making. According to data from Indonesia’s Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) in 2022, there were 3,107 higher education institutions in Indonesia—a 0.25% decrease from the previous year. The majority (95 .97%) were private universities (PTS), while public institutions (PTN) accounted for only 125 units. Java Island recorded the highest concentration of institutions (1,477), followed by Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bali-Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku-Papua. West Java had the highest number of universities (388), while North Kalimantan had the fewest (10) . East Java had the most public universities [3] . This reflects the broad landscape of Indonesian higher education, while also highlighting the significant challenges in ensuring equitable technology adoption, including AI.  \nFaced with waves of digital innovation, higher education institutions in Indonesia are under increasing pressure to adapt to emerging technologies. AI is impacting crucial aspects such as student enrollment, institutional competitiveness, and operational efficiency [4] . Its ability to reduce infrastructure and staffing costs","cbCaik4fLIihrZWh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik4fLIihrZWh","pdf",532868,13,"English","# 1. INTRODUCTION\n## Artificial Intelligence in higher education\n## AI impacts on learning and administration\n## Academic integrity and ethics\n## Digital transformation beyond pedagogy\n# 2. (Methods and analysis outline)\n## Bibliometric approach (Scopus/Google Scholar)\n## Descriptive statistics and network visualization\n## Publication trends, authors, affiliations, themes","[{\"question\":\"What is the document’s main research focus?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates how artificial intelligence is transforming universities in Indonesia through a bibliometric analysis of related studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What data sources and time range are used in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study retrieves data from Scopus and Google Scholar covering 2018 to 2024, then analyzes 143 relevant articles.\"},{\"question\":\"Which themes are frequently discussed in the literature?\",\"answer\":\"Key themes include AI in teaching and learning, student engagement, academic integrity, and institutional readiness, with growing attention to tools like ChatGPT.\"}]","ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF UNIVERSITIES IN INDONESIA - A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS | PDF",33]