[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108336-en":3,"doc-seo-108336-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108336,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",8,"Research & Report","ARMENIA Human Capital Review","Human capital review for Armenia synthesizes evidence on wellbeing, productivity potential, and system performance across education, health, and social protection. It assesses how childhood and youth conditions, adult labor-market realities, and older-age dynamics interact with poverty, unemployment, and demographic change. The review highlights constraints in service delivery, evaluates learning outcomes and investment returns, and draws lessons from the COVID-19 response to inform more resilient and equitable reform priorities.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nARMENIA  \nHuman Capital Review  \nThis project is funded by the European Union  \nii  \n© 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank  \n1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000  \n[Internet:](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAny queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;  \n[e-mail:](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org)[ pubrights@worldbank.org](e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.  \nThis publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of World Bank staff and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nARMENIA Human Capital Review  \n| Armenia\u003Cbr>Human Capital Review\u003Cbr>Contents:\u003Cbr>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\u003Cbr>LIST OF ACRONYMS\u003Cbr>EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\u003Cbr>1. Introduction | v\u003Cbr>vi\u003Cbr>1\u003Cbr>5 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2. The state of Armenia’s human capital\u003Cbr>Childhood and youth\u003Cbr>Adulthood\u003Cbr>Older age | 12\u003Cbr>13\u003Cbr>16\u003Cbr>17 |\n| 3. Building human capital: overview of the education, health, and social protection sectors\u003Cbr>Overview of the education sector\u003Cbr>Overview of the health sector\u003Cbr>Overview of the social protection sector | 18\u003Cbr>18\u003Cbr>22\u003Cbr>26 |\n| 4. Improving the delivery of effective and equitable human development services | 30 |\n| 5. Learning from the COVID-19 response to build more resilient delivery systems | 39 |\n| 6. Main reform avenues\u003Cbr>REFERENCES | 44\u003Cbr>50 |\n\niii  \nARMENIA Human Capital Review  \nList of Figures: Figure 1: GDP per capita and poverty rates in Armenia 5  \nFigure 2: Regional poverty rates, 2020 6  \nFigure 3: Unemployment and inactivity in Armenian youth are among the highest in the region 7  \nFigure 4: Rapid ageing is exacerbated by high outmigration rates 7  \nFigure 5: Human capital is essential for growth 8  \nFigure 6: Early investments in human capital deliver the highest returns 9  \nFigure 7: The Human Capital Index in Armenia and in ECA 12  \nFigure 8: GER for primary and secondary schools, 2010-2019,% 14  \nFigure 9: Upper secondary school test scores, 2019 14  \nFigure 10: Percentage of low learners in Grade 9, 2019 15  \nFigure 11: GER for VET, 2010-2019,% 15  \nFigure 12: Incidence of NCDs in Armenia and Europe and Central Asia 16  \nFigure 13: Government education expenditure as share of GDP, 2017 21  \nFigure 14: OOP expenditure, public expenditure on health in Armenia and comparator countries 25  \nFigure 15: Main social protection programs in Armenia 26  \nFigure 16: Social protection spending remains below the Europe and Central Asia average 29  \nFigure 17: Health service delivery constraints 33  \nList of Tables: Table 1: Armenia HCI 2012-2020 13  \nTable 2: Breakdown of public expenditure on education in Armenia in 2020,% of total 21  \nTable 3: Health sector reform overview 24  \nTable 4: Distribution of fu","cbCaihr1GKIt5vTu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihr1GKIt5vTu","pdf",1035211,5,1,61,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Introduction\n## The state of Armenia’s human capital\n## Building human capital: education, health, and social protection\n## Improving service delivery\n## Learning from the COVID-19 response\n## Main reform avenues","[{\"question\":\"What areas does the Armenia Human Capital Review cover?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on the education, health, and social protection sectors, linking human capital with 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