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Extends the inquiry to neighboring countries—especially the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia—where Chinese assimilation into majority cultures varies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/","Literature",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/are-we-them-textual-and-literary-representations-of-the-chinese-in-twentieth-century-thailand/608280/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/are-we-them-textual-and-literary-representations-of-the-chinese-in-twentieth-century-thailand/608280.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Riley","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":22},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What does the essay focus on regarding the Chinese in Siam/Thailand?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"It studies portrayals of the Chinese in Thai-language prose fiction and non-fiction from the twentieth century. It does not cover related media such as movies, television drama, music, and cartoons.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does the essay relate its inquiry to King Vajiravudh’s 1914 portrayal?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"It examines whether the king’s depiction of the Chinese as the “Other Within” is reflected in later Thai literary production or becomes subdued by other realities in Thai society.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which neighboring countries does the author consider for comparison?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The comparison emphasizes the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia, where assimilation of Chinese communities into the majority culture occurs to different degrees.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},608280,1792656949,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,90,94,99,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":26,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":22,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","Are We Them?  \nTextual and Literary Representations ofthe Chinese in Twentieth-Century Thailand  \nThak Chaloemtiarana*  \nKing Vajiravudh famously published an essay titled Jews of the Orient in 1914 demonizing the Chinese in Siam as ingrates and parasites. The local Chinese became the“Other Within” in the Thai nation that the king was trying to establish. Whether his reaction to the local Chinese was fueled by ire over the recent strike by the Chinese which paralyzed Bangkok, or a reflection of his English education and exposure to European anti-Semitism, is not the focus of my concern. My interest for this exercise is to study how the Chinese in Siam/Thailand are portrayed in Thai language texts, that is, prose fiction and non-fiction produced in the twentieth century (I will not include related areas such as movies, television drama, music, and cartoons). This study does not involve an exhaustive review of all texts but will focus on a few well-known and popular ones. I would like to know whether King Vajiravudh’s portrayal of the Chinese is reflected in subsequent literary production or muted by other realities that existed in Thai society, and how the production of texts on the local Chinese changed over time. More importantly, I am very curious to know how this issue is played out in neighboring countries, especially the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia, countries where the“assimilation” of the Chinese into the majority culture happens in varying degrees.  \nKeywords: Thai literature, Sino-Thai, identity representations, assimilation  \nPreamble  \nWhen I first arrived on the campus of the University of the Philippines in 1962, I was struck by the unexpected question that cropped up regularly in class and in conversations with my Filipino friends. They would ask,“Who are the Filipinos?” My Thai friends and I felt rather smug about knowing who we “Thai” were and somewhat sorry for the Filipinos. To the Thai students, Filipinos had ambiguous identities—they had Spanish/  \n* ทักษ์ เฉลิมเตียรณ, Department of Asian Studies, Cornell University, 209 Kahin Center, 640 Stewart Avenue, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  \ne-mail: [tc17@cornell.edu](tc17@cornell.edu)  \nSoutheast Asian Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3, December 2014, pp.473–526 473  \n© Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University  \n474 Thak Chaloemtiarana  \nMexican names, spoke English with a peculiar accent, served a cuisine that was a mix of Spanish, native Filipino, Chinese, and American dishes, and spoke different tongues eventhough there was one “national” language. Classes in the university were in English, and students used English to speak to each other.  \nThose of us from Thailand knew that we were “Thai”because we all spoke the same language, practiced the same religion, and loved the same king. When King Bhumibol visited Manila in 1963, all of us went to pay our respects and show our loyalty to the monarchy by having group pictures taken with the king and the queen.  \nLooking back, it did not occur to any of us that we had “Thai” classmates who spoke Thai with a heavy Chinese accent and many of them still called each other by their old Chinese names while fooling around even though they all had Thai names. The fact that my best friend in college was a second-generation Sino-Thai who still spoke Thai with a Chinese accent did not make me think of him as non-Thai. It did not seem important forme to dwell on the truth that my own father was perhaps half or a quarter Chinese, or that my mother had both a Thai and a Chinese name. None of these facts ever made me feel that I was not 100 percent Thai, even though my father’s great-grandfather was Chinese, and his mother’s ancestors came from a line of Hokkien Chinese shipbuilders. But after four generations of living in Thailand, my father, aunts, and uncles had complete amnesia as far as their ancestral race was concerned. My mother conveniently explained that many in Chantaburi province had Chinese nam","cbCaiiywgczKksr3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiywgczKksr3","pdf",664208,54,"English","# Preamble\n## Background on Thai identity and Sino-Thai experiences\n## The study’s scope and research questions","[{\"question\":\"What does the essay focus on regarding the Chinese in Siam/Thailand?\",\"answer\":\"It studies portrayals of the Chinese in Thai-language prose fiction and non-fiction from the twentieth century. It does not cover related media such as movies, television drama, music, and cartoons.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the essay relate its inquiry to King Vajiravudh’s 1914 portrayal?\",\"answer\":\"It examines whether the king’s depiction of the Chinese as the “Other Within” is reflected in later Thai literary production or becomes subdued by other realities in Thai society.\"},{\"question\":\"Which neighboring countries does the author consider for comparison?\",\"answer\":\"The comparison emphasizes the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, Laos, and Cambodia, where assimilation of Chinese communities into the majority culture occurs to different degrees.\"}]","Are We Them? - Textual and Literary Representations ofthe Chinese in Twentieth-Century Thailand | PDF",1792228713,83]