[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-322837-105":59,"doc-detail-322837-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","are-we-like-sweden-recovery-in-the-labor-market","Are We Like Sweden? - Recovery in the Labor Market","","Sweden’s labor-market recovery has been slow since a severe financial crisis in 1990, with unemployment remaining far above pre-crisis levels even after decades. The document links sluggish payroll job growth and a declining labor market participation rate to people abandoning job search and risking skills obsolescence in fast-changing technology. It explains that Sweden’s problems reflected structural change, contrasting export-dependence, subsidy and anti-layoff policies, fixed exchange rates, inflation pressures, and evolving policy responses.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/are-we-like-sweden-recovery-in-the-labor-market/322837/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/are-we-like-sweden-recovery-in-the-labor-market/322837.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why has Sweden’s labor-market recovery been slow after the crisis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The document points to sluggish job growth and a significant decline in labor market participation, where many people stop actively searching for work.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did Sweden’s crisis conditions in 1990 combine to create severe labor-market stress?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes a convergence of export-industry vulnerability, global shocks and foreign competition, and domestic policies aimed at keeping unemployment low and maintaining economic equality.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the document say about the relevance of Sweden’s experience to the United States?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It argues the comparison depends on how closely U.S. labor-market adjustments mirror the structural changes that occurred in Sweden.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},322837,1790073740,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","# Are We Like Sweden?Recovery in the Labor Market\n\nO.Emre Ergungor  \nMore than 20 years ago Sweden suffered a severe financial crisis that brought unemployment to analltime high.To thisday the unemployment rate has not returned to where it was before the crisis.Economists say thatif the U.S.is anythinglike Sweden,our full recovery may sil be a long way off.Sweden is like the U.S.in many ways,but the roots of its labormarket troubles appear to be very different from ours.  \nThe recovery in the labor market after the last recession hasbeen sluggish by any measure.In a typical recovery,payrollemployment returns to its pre-recession level in under twoyears,yet today,at 60 months and counting since the lastpeak,we are still quite a way off from that point(figure 1).On top of the slow growth ofjobs,the labor marketparticipation rate has also declined significantly,whichmeans that many people have given up on their job searchand are no longer actively looking for ajob (figure 2).It'sa troubling trend,as their job skills could quickly becomeobsolete in the rapidly advancing world of technology.  \nThe short-term outlook for the labor market has manypeople asking how long it will take to get to a full recovery.Forecasters have given a broad range of answers,and thoseanswers are based on very different assumptions about thereasons the recovery is so slow.Some forecasters assume allof the sluggishness can be attributed to the severity of therecession;others assume the labor market has undergonea structural change that will take everyone time to adjustto.Those in the latter camp put a full recovery farther out,and say there is even more than the usual uncertainty aboutwhen it will happen.  \nIt's important to know what someone's view on this issue iswhen you're evaluating their labor market forecasts or thepolicy responses they're proposing.Some economists,as acase in point,have suggested that we can look to Sweden'sexperience after a major financial crisis 20 years ago to getideas about how long our full recovery will take and whatinterventions we might consider.With its wealthy citizenry,strong adherence to the rule of law,and successful handlingof the financial crisis,Sweden may indeed be an appropriatecomparison to the current situation in the United States-  \nthough a gloomy one since the Swedish labor market hasstill not returned to its pre-crisis state after 20 years.ButSweden's labor market problems were a textbook case ofstructural change,and the relevance of Sweden's experienceto the U.S.depends on how closely the U.S.labor-marketadjustments parallel the adjustments that occurred in Sweden  \nSweden's Crisis  \nTwo seemingly independent components merged to create theperfect storm that engulfed Sweden in 1990.On the one hand,Sweden had relied heavily on export-based industries (such asshipbuilding)for economic growth.Various policies were putin place to keep those industries competitive in the face ofglobal economic changes.For example,credit was rationedto households and domestic businesses so that the exportindustries could get the credit they needed.The exchangerate was pegged to a basket of currencies (the U.S.dollar andGerman mark)and cross-border capital flows were restrictedto maintain control over domestic interest rates.  \nOn the other hand,Swedish policymakers of all politicalconvictions were committed to keeping unemployment lowand promoting “economic equality.”Shipbuilding seemedthe ideal industry to achieve these goals,as it required manyskilled workers and supported multiple side industries suchas steel mills,railroads,and various parts suppliers,and sothe industry was more heavily subsidized than others.  \nIn the 1970s,it all came to a head.First,the shipbuildingindustry started facing tough competition from Japan inthe 1960s and Korea in the early 1970s.Then came the oilshock that reduced the global demand for Swedish products.It did not help that,as happens with any state-sponsoredindustry,the country had built sign","cbCaiqUpQk32f9d8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqUpQk32f9d8","pdf",1318781,"English","# Recovery in the Labor Market\n## Sweden’s Crisis","[{\"question\":\"Why has Sweden’s labor-market recovery been slow after the crisis?\",\"answer\":\"The document points to sluggish job growth and a significant decline in labor market participation, where many people stop actively searching for work.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Sweden’s crisis conditions in 1990 combine to create severe labor-market stress?\",\"answer\":\"It describes a convergence of export-industry vulnerability, global shocks and foreign competition, and domestic policies aimed at keeping unemployment low and maintaining economic equality.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the document say about the relevance of Sweden’s experience to the United States?\",\"answer\":\"It argues the comparison depends on how closely U.S. labor-market adjustments mirror the structural changes that occurred in Sweden.\"}]","Are We Like Sweden? - Recovery in the Labor Market | PDF",1789963682,13]