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Two exploratory series and a confirmatory series showed marginally significant evidence for a negative relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP, while a second exploratory series suggested an error phenomenon and another mood test showed no relationship. The paper discusses nonintentional psi and experimenter-influenced effects.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/are-psychological-tests-nonintentional-psi-tasks/319858/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/are-psychological-tests-nonintentional-psi-tasks/319858.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Liam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What hypothesis does the research investigate regarding psychological tests and ESP?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study examines whether, under certain conditions, psychological tests can operate as nonintentional ESP tests, so analyses may actually correlate intentional with nonintentional ESP scores.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the mood test used in the experiment?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"A mood test was administered as a nonintentional ESP task alongside an intentional ESP test administered to the same research context.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the main findings about the relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP scores?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Two exploratory series and a confirmatory series produced marginally significant evidence for a negative relationship, while a separate exploratory series’s initial results became chance after correcting an error in checking and another mood test showed no such relationship.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},319858,1791525793,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Return to: Paranormal Phenomena Articles  \nARE PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS  \nNONINTENTIONAL PSI TASKS?  \nBy J. E. KENNEDY AND JOMARIE HAIGHT  \n(Original publication and copyright: Journal of Parapsychology, 1978,  \nVolume. 42, pp. 33-50.)  \nABSTRACT: Traditionally, when ESP tests and psychological tests have been administered together, the objective has been to correlate the scoring on the two. In a number of other studies, however, the subjects have been presented with psychological tests which, unknown to them, were intended by the experimenter to be tests of ESP. If, under certain conditions, psychological tests can become nonin-tentional ESP tests, then studies which look for relationships between ESP tests and psychological tests may actually be correlating intentional and nonintentional ESP scores. To investigate this hypothesis in the present research, a mood test was administered as a nonintentional ESP test, along with an intentional ESP test. The first of two exploratory series and a confirmatory series each gave marginally significant evidence for a negative relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP scores. A second exploratory series may possibly be an instance of the \"error phenomenon\" since initial marginally significant results became chance when an error in checking was corrected. An attempt to extend the investigation to a different mood test gave no evidence for a relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP.  \nThe use of psi without a conscious attempt or intention to do so is a topic receiving much attention in parapsychology at present. By definition, spontaneous cases occur in a \"nonintentional\" manner, and laboratory experiments also indicate that psi can operate without conscious intention on the part of the subject. Stanford (1974a, 1974b) has reviewed the experimental literature on nonintentional (i.e., spontaneous) psi and developed a psychological model for its operation. More recently, in a review of psi-mediated experimenter effects, White (1976) thoroughly surveyed instances of nonintentional psi in laboratory work. This body of research raises the intriguing possibility that many—perhaps most—instances of psi occur without intention or awareness of anything paranormal.  \nThe possibility that the results of laboratory experiments may be unintentionally influenced by the experimenter is an important subdivision of the topic of nonintentional psi. The range and mechanisms for such paranormal experimenter effects are difficult  \nThis paper is based in part on a paper presented at the 1977 convention of the Southeastern Regional Parapsychological Association, Guilford College, Greensboro, North Carolina. Ms. Haight was the Ralph Drake Perry Fellow at the Institute for Parapsychology when the work was carried out.  \n34 The Journal of Parapsychology  \nto specify, and there is evidence that they may enter into the nonparapsychological parts of an experiment. Stanford (1970) found that his subjects' responses on a memory test apparently could be paranormally influenced by the desires of the experimenter. Likewise, Kreitler and Kreitler (1973) found evidence that, under certain conditions, an agent could influence the subjects' responses on a subliminal perception task eventhough the subjects were not aware that ESP was involved. Similar results have been obtained on another subliminal perception task by Kreitler and Kreitler (1972), as well as on an independent replication of this test by Liibke and Rohr (1975), and on an autokinetic motion perceptual test (Kreitler & Kreitler, 1972) . Although methodological questions have not yet been settled for the latter three studies (Child, 1977; Kreitler & Kreitler, 1977), this line of research raises the possibility that psi may enter into standard psychological test situations. It is difficult, however, to generalize the findings since there are only a few studies and, in all those mentioned, the effects occurred primarily in a special category","cbCaiezMfbjYg7du","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiezMfbjYg7du","pdf",123663,18,"English","# Abstract\n## Nonintentional psi concept and background\n## Experimenter effects in nonintentional psi\n## Outline of the investigation\n## Relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP","[{\"question\":\"What hypothesis does the research investigate regarding psychological tests and ESP?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines whether, under certain conditions, psychological tests can operate as nonintentional ESP tests, so analyses may actually correlate intentional with nonintentional ESP scores.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the mood test used in the experiment?\",\"answer\":\"A mood test was administered as a nonintentional ESP task alongside an intentional ESP test administered to the same research context.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about the relationship between intentional and nonintentional ESP scores?\",\"answer\":\"Two exploratory series and a confirmatory series produced marginally significant evidence for a negative relationship, while a separate exploratory series’s initial results became chance after correcting an error in checking and another mood test showed no such relationship.\"}]","ARE PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS NONINTENTIONAL PSI TASKS? | PDF",1789947548,45]