[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-221100-en":3,"doc-seo-221100-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":97},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},221100,1236954509970,"Mack Lee","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",8,"Research & Report","Araucaria angustifolia Pine Cones Development and Growth Curve","The study describes the development and growth rate of Araucaria angustifolia pine cones during and after the pollination period, determining the timing of maximum cone growth and the pollination-to-maturation window for pine nuts. Adult individuals were monitored at UFPR in Curitiba across 2003 and 2005, with cone diameter and length measured 15 times per year. Under the studied conditions, pollination to seed maturation lasted 20 months, with maximum cone growth between October–January and October–April of the following year.","665  \nVol. 51, n. 4 : pp.665-669, July-Aug 2008 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil  \nBRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY  \nA N I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L  \nDevelopment and Growth Curve of the Pine Cones of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze, in the Region of Curitiba – PR  \nJustina Inês Anselmini 1 and Flávio Zanette 2*  \n1 Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba – PR – Brasil. 2Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Rua dos funcionários, 1540; C.P.: 1906; 80035-050; Curitiba-PR – Brasil  \nABSTRACT  \nThe objectives of this work were to describe the development and growth rate of the pine cones of Araucaria angustifolia during and after the pollination period, to identify the period of maximum growth of the cones and the period of pollination and maturation of the pine nuts. The adult individuals were found at the Setor de Ciencias Agrarias of the UFPR, in Curitiba – PR. Collections and measurements of pine cones were made in 2003 and 2005. The diameter and the length of the pine cones were measured 15 different times in both the years. In the studied environmental conditions, the period between the pollination and maturation of the pine nuts was 20 months. The maximum pine cone growth was achieved between October and January after the pollination, and between October and April of the following year.  \nKey-words: parana-pine, strobili, pollination  \nINTRODUCTION  \nAraucaria angustifolia is economically the most important native species of gymnosperm in Brazil. Its occurrence characterizes the Araucária forest, which occurs mainly in the southern states of Brazil, but also occurring in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro and neighbouring countries like Argentina and Paraguay (Koch and Corrêa, 2002) . And the araucaria is a dióica plant pollen is carried from the male strobili (androstrobilus) to the femalestrobili (ginostrobili) . After the pollination, the pines grow until the seeds are mature and fall (Shimoya, 1962; Solórzano-filho, 2001) . The inflorescences develop at the apical region of the  \n* Author for correspondence  \nbranches of adult the plants. The ginostrobilus is made of several carpelares leaves distributed along a common conical axe, known as \"pinha\" . The androstrobilus are less developed estrobilus, known as \"mingotes\", have several scales distributed along an elongated axe which carry the pollen sacs where the pollen grain grow (Mattos, 1972; Ferri, 1983) .  \nIn A. angustifolia the formation of the androstrobilus starts in November and all theestrobilus of each individual plant usually are atthe same developmental stage. Between September and October of the following year, the pollen is released in a cycle of 10 to 11 months (Anselmini, Zanette and Bona, 2006) . The initial formation and development of the ginostrobili of  \nBraz. arch. biol. technol. v.51 n. 4: pp.665-669, July/Aug. 2008  \n666 Anselmini, J. I. and Zanette, F.  \nA. angustifolia is internal, shield by the terminal leaves of the branches. The reproductive branches are formed in November, at the same time as the androstrobilus. In September, the \"terminal leaves\"of the reproductive branches open and expose the ginostróbilo, already with its modified fertile and sterile leaves formed. The pollination occurs from September to October, subsequently the pines start to grow so that the maturation and the fall of the seeds occur approximately 20 months later, from April to September. Due to this extended reproductive cycle of more than on year , the pines can be found at three different developmental stages of the same individual plant (Anselmini, Zanette and Bona, 2006) .  \nThe main goal of the present work was to accurately describe the development/growth of the pine cones of A. angustifolia during and after the pollination, identifying the period of maximum pine growth and the period of pollination and maturation or the seeds in the studied region (Curitiba – PR).","cbCaioZGkIJ2J2dt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioZGkIJ2J2dt","pdf",4507578,2,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results and Discussion","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study on Araucaria angustifolia pine cones?\",\"answer\":\"To describe cone development and growth rate during and after pollination, identify the maximum growth period, and determine the period of pollination and pine nut maturation in the studied region.\"},{\"question\":\"How were pine cone growth and measurements conducted in 2003 and 2005?\",\"answer\":\"Cone diameter and length were measured 15 different times in each year, using a packimeter, and pine cones were individually marked. Collections were performed on specified dates from the start of pollination through the final collection of mature cones.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the reported timeline from pollination to pine nut maturation, and when was growth maximal?\",\"answer\":\"The interval between pollination and maturation was 20 months. Maximum pine cone growth occurred between October and January after pollination and again between October and April of the following year.\"}]","Araucaria angustifolia Pine Cones Development and Growth Curve | PDF",1788919924,13,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":92,"head_meta":94,"extra_data":96,"updated_unix":29},"araucaria-angustifolia-pine-cones-development-and-growth-curve","",{"@graph":37,"@context":91},[38,54,74],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,48,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/araucaria-angustifolia-pine-cones-development-and-growth-curve/221100/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"image":56,"author":61,"headline":13,"publisher":63,"fileFormat":66,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":67,"datePublished":68,"encodingFormat":66,"isAccessibleForFree":69,"interactionStatistic":70},"DigitalDocument",{"url":57,"@type":58,"width":59,"height":60},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/araucaria-angustifolia-pine-cones-development-and-growth-curve/221100.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":9,"@type":62},"Person",{"url":42,"name":64,"@type":65},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-09-09",true,{"@type":71,"interactionType":72,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":73},"ViewAction",{"@type":75,"mainEntity":76},"FAQPage",[77,83,87],{"name":78,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What was the main objective of the study on Araucaria angustifolia pine cones?","Question",{"text":81,"@type":82},"To describe cone development and growth rate during and after pollination, identify the maximum growth period, and determine the period of pollination and pine nut maturation in the studied region.","Answer",{"name":84,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":85},"How were pine cone growth and measurements conducted in 2003 and 2005?",{"text":86,"@type":82},"Cone diameter and length were measured 15 different times in each year, using a packimeter, and pine cones were individually marked. Collections were performed on specified dates from the start of pollination through the final collection of mature cones.",{"name":88,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":89},"What is the reported timeline from pollination to pine nut maturation, and when was growth maximal?",{"text":90,"@type":82},"The interval between pollination and maturation was 20 months. Maximum pine cone growth occurred between October and January after pollination and again between October and April of the following year.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":93,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":64,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":95,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":98},[99,103,107,111,115,120,125,128,133,136,140],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},30,"research-report",{"id":129,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":132},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":135},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":137,"slug":139},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":141,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":142,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":143},19,"General","general"]