[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-591711-105":59,"doc-detail-591711-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","arab-journal-of-applied-linguistics-development-and-standardization-of-a-phonological-processing-test-in-arabic","Arab Journal of Applied Linguistics - Development and standardization of a phonological processing test in Arabic","","The present study reports the development and standardization of a phonological processing test in Arabic, addressing limited availability of standardized tools for Arabic reading processes. The test assesses phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming, and nonword reading to connect phonological decoding with reading skills. Primary and middle school versions show reliable results and meaningful variability across and within grades, enabling differentiation of children’s phonological skill levels. Findings are discussed for Arabic language and literacy, related theories, and instructional implications for Arabic orthography.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/arab-journal-of-applied-linguistics-development-and-standardization-of-a-phonological-processing-test-in-arabic/591711/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/arab-journal-of-applied-linguistics-development-and-standardization-of-a-phonological-processing-test-in-arabic/591711.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study develop and standardize?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It develops and standardizes a test of phonological processing in Arabic, covering phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming, and a nonword reading measure.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the test expected to relate to reading skills?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Nonword reading is included to link phonological processing and (phonological) decoding skills with reading of written text.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results show for students across grades?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Primary and middle school versions show good reliability and variability in children’s performance within and across grades, supporting differentiation of children with differing phonological skill levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591711,1792192821,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Development  \nand standardization of  \nArab Journal of Applied Linguistics e-ISSN 2490-4198  \nVol. 5, No. 1, March 2020, 1-24 © AJAL  \n[http://www.arjals.com/](http://www.arjals.com/)  \na phonological processing test  \nin Arabic  \nAbdessattar Mahfoudhi, Australian College of Kuwait, Center for Child Evaluation and Teaching John Everatt, University of Canterbury  \nGad Elbeheri, Center for Child Evaluation and Teaching  \nMohamed Roshdy, Center for Child Evaluation and Teaching  \nAbstract  \nThe present study reportson the development and standardization of a test of phonological processing in Arabic, a language that has been less researched in terms of reading processes potentially due to the limited number of standardized tools. The test includes measures of phonological awareness, phonological memory and rapid naming, and ameasure of nonword reading to link with (phonological) decoding skills in reading. Primary and middle school versions of the test showed good levels of reliability and variability in children’s performance within and across grades, suggesting that thetest can reliably differentiate children with differing levels of phonological skills across the target population.Findings are discussed in relation to Arabic language and literacy, theories of phonological processing and issues related to the teaching of the Arabic orthography.  \nKeywords: Testing; Phonological processing; Arabic literacy  \nIntroduction  \nResearch has provided a large amount of evidence that phonological skills are related to reading abilityin English and other European languages in primary school (e.g., Catts, Fey, Tomblin & Xuyang, 2002; Harris, Terlektsi& Kyle, 2017; Poulsen, Nielsen, Juul& Elbro, 2017)and secondary school (Eklund,Torppa, Sulkunen, Niemi&Ahonen, 2018) . Similar results have been recorded in non-European languages and across a range of orthographies, including Arabic, the focus of this paper (see, for example,Abu-Rabia, Share, & Mansour, 2003; Al-Mannai & Everatt, 2005;Boukadida, 2008; Elbeheri & Everatt, 2007; Taibah & Haynes, 2011) . Phonological processing skills in this context follow those hypothesized by Wagner and Torgesen (1987), which the current work will refer to as phonological awareness, phonological memory and rapid naming.This model of phonological processinginfluenced the development of the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (Wagner, Torgesen,Rashotte & Pearson, 2013), which the current research used as a basis for the development of the Arabic measures it proposes in this paper.  \nThese concepts of phonological processing have been referred to in the reading research literature for many decades. For current purposes, they fit with the definitions used by Scarborough and Brady (2002) . Phonological awareness, according to Scarborough and Brady (2002), can be defined as “[t]he broad class of skills that involve attending to, thinking about, and intentionally manipulating the phonological aspects of spoken language, especially the internal phonological structure of words.” (p. 312) . Phonological awareness includes awareness and manipulation of speech segments at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme level.  \nIn the current work, the latter two (syllable and phoneme) were the focus of the measures.  \nScarborough and Brady (2002) define phonological memory as \"the temporary storage of information in terms of phonological representations\" (p. 319), and rapid naming as\"[r]etrieving the phonological representation and producing the spoken word that is the label for a particular referent that we encounter or think about.\"(p. 320) . Therefore, these latter two concepts relate more to the storage and retrieval of phonological information. Rapid naming relates to the efficient access to a phonological form, which is why speeded (rapid) access is measured. Phonological memory measures will have more of a focus on temporary storage processes and may be better assessed by tasks requiring the storage of new/no","cbCaife05ccff6Gd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaife05ccff6Gd","pdf",632427,24,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on phonological skills and reading\n## Phonological processing model and measures\n## Definitions: phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming\n## Dyslexia theories and the role of decoding\n## Nonword reading as a link to written-text processing","[{\"question\":\"What does the study develop and standardize?\",\"answer\":\"It develops and standardizes a test of phonological processing in Arabic, covering phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid naming, and a nonword reading measure.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the test expected to relate to reading skills?\",\"answer\":\"Nonword reading is included to link phonological processing and (phonological) decoding skills with reading of written text.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results show for students across grades?\",\"answer\":\"Primary and middle school versions show good reliability and variability in children’s performance within and across grades, supporting differentiation of children with differing phonological skill levels.\"}]","Arab Journal of Applied Linguistics - Development and standardization of a phonological processing test in Arabic | PDF",1792073042]