[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208101-en":3,"doc-seo-208101-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208101,962085564381,"Bintang","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",4,"Exam","AQABiologyCell-Biology-ANSWERS - Cell structure and specialisation questions","Biology answer questions covering cell structure, protein production, respiration and mitochondrial data analysis, including calculating means and presenting results in a bar chart. The material also includes extended responses comparing prokaryotic structures, explaining bacterial toxins in context of Bacillus cereus, and describing the differentiation and stem-cell differences in eukaryotes. Further sections address microscopy advantages and disadvantages, magnification calculations, and a practical procedure for observing onion cells under a microscope.","A. Cell structure part 1 – Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and animal and plant cells  \n1. Describe the similarities and differences between a typical plant and a typical animal cell. (4)  \n􀁸 Typical animal and plant cells contain the following structures: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria (2)  \n􀁸 Plant cells also contain a permanent vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts (2)  \n2. Ribosomes synthesise proteins. Explain what this means. (2)  \n􀁸 Synthesise means to make/produce  \n􀁸 From amino acids  \n􀁸 Ribosomes are the site of protein production/where proteins are made  \n3. Explain why the mitochondria in cells are important. (3)  \n􀁸 Cells require energy to function  \n􀁸 Mitochondria are the site of respiration  \n􀁸 Energy is released in respiration  \n4. The table below shows the number of mitochondria in different mammalian cells.  \n\n| Type of mammalian cell | Number of mitochondria per cell |  |  | Mean number of mitochondria |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 1 | 2 | 3 |  |\n| Stomach lining | 1720 | 1850 | 1680 | 1750 |\n| Liver | 2095 | 2210 | 1995 | 2100 |\n| Skin | 290 | 315 | 295 | 300 |\n| Large intestine lining | 1295 | 1429 | 1476 | 1400 |\n| Muscle | 1853 | 1746 | 1801 | 1800 |\n| Kidney | 1450 | 1650 | 1400 | 1500 |\n\na. Calculate the mean number of mitochondria in each cell and write these in the table. (6)  \n􀁸 (1 mark for each correct mean)  \nb. Use graph paper and a suitable method to display the data from the table. (4)(Remember to add labels) .  \n􀁸 Bar chart (1)  \n􀁸 Axis labelled (1)  \n􀁸 Bars plotted correctly (1)  \n􀁸 Gap between bars (1)  \n5. Extended response question:  \nThe image below shows a type of bacteria called Bacillus cereus. It can cause food poisoning by releasing toxins that can make you vomit.  \nBacteria are prokaryotic cells.  \nRecall the typical structures in a prokaryotic cell and describe the function of each of the structures.  \n(6)  \n􀁸  Level 3 (5-6 marks)  \nAll structures in a bacterial cell named AND the function of each described.  \n􀁸  Level 2 (3-4 marks)  \nMost structures named AND most functions described.  \n􀁸  Level 1 (1-2 marks)  \nSome structures named OR some functions described  \nBiology content:  \n\n| Cell part | Function |\n| --- | --- |\n| Cytoplasm | Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes |\n| Cell membrane | Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell |\n| Cell wall | Strengthens the cell |\n| Bacterial DNA | Contains DNA that controls the function of the cell and makes/synthesises proteins that the cell needs |\n| Plasmid (DNA) | Small ring of DNA often used as a vector in genetic modification |\n\nB . Cell structure part 2-Cell specialisation and cell differentiation  \n1. Eukaryotic cells can undergo differentiation. What does the term differentiation mean?  \n(2)  \n􀁸 How a cell changes over time (1)  \n􀁸 To become specialised (for a particular function) (1)  \n2. Explain how animal stem cells are different from plant stem cells. (3)  \nAny 3 from:  \n􀁸 Animal stem cells usually differentiate at the early stages of their life  \n􀁸 Stem cells in adult animals are mainly used for replacement or repair  \n􀁸 Plant cells differentiate throughout their life cycle  \n􀁸 Plant stem cells are grouped together in structures called meristems  \n3. Extended response question:  \nCompare and contrast the structure and function of sperm cells and nerve cells. (6)  \n􀁸  Level 3 (5-6 marks)  \nCompare at least three structures AND discuss the function of sperm cells AND nerve cells.  \n􀁸  Level 2 (3-4 marks)  \n􀁸 Compare at least two structures AND discuss the function of sperm cells AND nerve cells.  \n􀁸  Level 1 (1-2 marks)  \n􀁸 Compare at least two structures OR functions for sperm cells AND nerve cells.  \nBiology content:  \nSperm cells:  \nFunction is to fertilise an egg.  \n• Streamlined with a long tail to swim to the egg.  \n• Acrosome in the head containing enzymes to digest the egg cell membrane.  \n• Large number of mitochondria in the mid-section to release","cbCais18ZeFPyijJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais18ZeFPyijJ","pdf",1891676,1,9,"English","en",105,"# Cell structure part 1: Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and animal/plant cells\n## Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells\n## Ribosomes and protein synthesis\n## Importance of mitochondria\n## Mitochondria count table, mean calculation and graphing\n## Extended response: Bacillus cereus and prokaryotic structures\n# Cell structure part 2: Cell specialisation and differentiation\n## Definition of differentiation\n## Stem cell differences: animals vs plants\n## Extended response: compare sperm cells and nerve cells\n# Cell structure part 3: Microscopy and culturing microorganisms (bio only)\n## Light microscope vs electron microscope: advantages and disadvantages\n## Magnification calculation (sperm)\n## Magnification calculation (cheek cells)\n## Extended response: onion cells observation procedure","[{\"question\":\"What are the key differences between a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell?\",\"answer\":\"Plant cells have a permanent vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts, while typical animal cells do not. Both types include structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes and mitochondria.\"},{\"question\":\"How do ribosomes relate to protein synthesis?\",\"answer\":\"Ribosomes synthesise proteins by producing them from amino acids. This means ribosomes are the site where proteins are made.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are mitochondria important for cells?\",\"answer\":\"Mitochondria are important because cells require energy to function. Mitochondria are the site of respiration, releasing energy during respiration.\"}]","AQABiologyCell-Biology-ANSWERS - Cell structure and specialisation questions | PDF",1788602444,23,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"aqabiologycell-biology-answers-cell-structure-and-specialisation-questions","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aqabiologycell-biology-answers-cell-structure-and-specialisation-questions/208101/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What are the key differences between a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Plant cells have a permanent vacuole, a cell wall and chloroplasts, while typical animal cells do not. Both types include structures such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes and mitochondria.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How do ribosomes relate to protein synthesis?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Ribosomes synthesise proteins by producing them from amino acids. This means ribosomes are the site where proteins are made.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Why are mitochondria important for cells?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Mitochondria are important because cells require energy to function. 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