[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208238-en":3,"doc-seo-208238-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},208238,1099513958762,"Logic","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253",4,"Exam","AQA vocab Keywords you need to know - Natural hazards and weather hazards","Subject-specific vocabulary list for exam use, covering geographical and hazard-related terms grouped under topic headings. It includes definitions for income classifications (LIC/HIC) and newly emerging economies, followed by detailed vocabulary for natural hazards, tectonic hazards, weather hazards, and response mechanisms. Key concepts explain hazard risk, tectonic plate margins, earthquakes, volcanoes, immediate and long-term responses, monitoring, planning, prediction, primary and secondary effects, and protection, plus economic, environmental, and social impacts.","Subject specific vocabulary   \nAll terms stated in the specification can be used in the exam. Students should be familiar with, and gain some understanding of, these terms in relation to the topics that they study. The required terms are listed below under each of the topic headings. Note that each list includes only the geographical terms stated in the specification. Students are encouraged to use other specialist geographical vocabulary in their answers as well as the terms listed here.  \nLow income country (LIC) and High income country (HIC)  \nThis subdivision of countries is based on the World Bank income classifications (GNI per capita), which in 2013 were Low Income $1045 or below, and High Income $12746 or above.  \nNewly emerging economies (NEEs)  \nCountries that have begun to experience higher rates of economic development, usually with higher levels of industrialisation. They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment, eg Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa (the so-called BRICS countries).  \n3.1.1 Section A: The challenge of natural hazards  \n3.1.1.1 Natural hazards Hazard risk  \nThe probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place.  \nNatural hazard  \nA natural event (for example an earthquake, volcanic eruption, tropical storm, flood) that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death.  \n3.1.1.2 Tectonic hazards Conservative plate margin  \nTectonic plate margin where two tectonic plates slide past each other.  \nConstructive plate margin  \nTectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart.  \nDestructive plate margin  \nTectonic plate margin where two plates are converging or coming together and oceanic plate is subducted. It can be associated with violent earthquakes and explosive volcanoes.  \nEarthquake  \nA sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by a series of shocks.  \nImmediate responses  \nThe reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath.  \nLong-term responses  \nLater reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event.  \nMonitoring  \nRecording physical changes, such as earthquake tremors around a volcano, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike.  \nPlate margin  \nThe margin or boundary between two tectonic plates.  \nPlanning  \nActions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters, through measures such as emergency evacuation plans, information management, communications and warning systems.  \nPrediction  \nAttempts to forecast when and where a natural hazard will strike, based on current knowledge. This can be done to some extent for volcanic eruptions (and tropical storms), but less reliably for earthquakes.  \nPrimary effects  \nThe initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, for instance the ground buildings collapsing following an earthquake.  \nProtection  \nActions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people or improving building design.  \nSecondary effects  \nThe after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, for instance fires due to ruptured gas mains resulting from the ground shaking.  \nTectonic hazard  \nA natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates (including volcanoes and earthquakes) .  \nTectonic plate  \nA rigid segment of the Earth’s crust which can ‘float’across the heavier, semimolten rock below. Continental plates are less dense, but thicker than oceanic plates.  \nVolcano  \nAn opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, ash and gases erupt.  \n3.1.1.3 Weather hazards Economic impact  \nThe effect of an event on the wealth of an area or community.  \nEnvironmental impact  \nThe effect of an event on the landscap","cbCaivm9A6MzXkim","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivm9A6MzXkim","pdf",301153,1,30,"English","en",105,"# LIC and HIC\n## Newly emerging economies (NEEs)\n# 3.1.1 Section A: The challenge of natural hazards\n## Natural hazards: hazard risk and definition\n## Tectonic hazards: plate margins, earthquake, volcano\n## Responses: immediate vs long-term, monitoring, planning, prediction\n## Effects and protection: primary vs secondary, protection\n## Weather hazards: economic/environmental/social impact, extreme weather, global atmospheric circulation","[{\"question\":\"What do LIC and HIC mean in this vocabulary set?\",\"answer\":\"LIC and HIC are country subdivisions based on World Bank income classifications using GNI per capita thresholds defined for 2013.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document describe immediate responses versus long-term responses?\",\"answer\":\"Immediate responses are what people do as the disaster happens and right after, while long-term responses are reactions occurring in the weeks, months, and years after the event.\"},{\"question\":\"What are primary effects and secondary effects of natural hazards?\",\"answer\":\"Primary effects are the initial direct impacts on people and property, while secondary effects are indirect after-effects that can occur over a longer timescale.\"}]","AQA vocab Keywords you need to know - 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