[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-207813-en":3,"doc-seo-207813-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},207813,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",4,"Exam","AQA GCSE Physics Topic 5 - Forces - Notes","These notes summarize GCSE Physics Topic 5 on forces, focusing on how vectors and scalars differ and how direction affects physical quantities. They explain object interaction forces, distinguishing contact forces (normal contact and friction) from non-contact forces (electrostatic and gravitational). Core relationships for gravity, weight (W = mg, with g values), and free-fall are provided, along with resultant forces, terminal velocity, and free-body diagrams. The document also covers resolving forces into components, work (W = Fs), and energy transfer, then connects work and deformation to Hooke’s law for springs.","AQA GCSE Physics Topic 5: Forces  \nNotes  \n(Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)  \nVectors  \nA Vector has magnitude and direction A Scalar has just magnitude  \n- Generally, scalars cannot be negative, but vectors can be, as a certain direction is positive  \nExamples  \n- Speed is scalar - Time is scalar - Momentum is vector  \n- Velocity is vector - Acceleration is vector - Energy is scalar  \n- Distance is scalar - Force is vector  \n- Displacement is vector - Mass is scalar  \nImagine a ball thrown off a cliff, displacement is 0 at height of cliff, above the cliff the ball has positive displacement, and below the clifftop the ball has negative displacement.  \n- In long answer questions, you may be able to decide where the “0” point of a vector may lie, for example you could set zero to be bottom of cliff, so the ball will never have negative displacement  \n- Speed is only velocity when given a direction, so thrown 10􀝉􀝏 −1 is its speed but thrown 10􀝉􀝏 −1 at 30° above the horizontal is the velocity  \nImagine a car travelling round a roundabout at constant speed. While its speed is constant, its direction is constantly changing – so its velocity is constantly changing therefore it is accelerating.  \nVectors can be represented by arrows, with their size/length representing the vector magnitude  \nObject Interaction  \n- A force is a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object. All forces between objects are either:  \n- Non-Contact-the objects are physically separated.  \no Electrostatic  \n􀂃 The charges cause a force of attraction/repulsion  \no Gravitational attraction  \n􀂃 The mass creates a force of attraction  \n- Contact-the objects are physically touching  \no Normal contact force, which is felt in opposite direction to contact  \n􀂃 The force is normal to the planes of contact  \no Friction  \n􀂃 The surfaces and their roughness cause friction when moved in contact  \nGravity  \nAll matter has a gravitational field, and attracts all other matter  \n- The larger the mass, the stronger the field, the greater the attraction  \nWeight  \n- The force exerted on a mass by the gravitational field, in Newtons  \nweight = mass × gravitational field strength  \nW = mg = m × 10  \nWeight, W, in newtons, N and mass, m, in kilograms, kg  \n- Measured by a force meter (also known as calibrated spring-balance)  \no Weighing scale measures the force you exert, and then divides by 10 to give mass  \n- You need to recall that on earth, g = 9.8 Same person, on two different planets?  \n- Their mass is the same  \n- The gravitational field strength, g, at the two planets will be different (i.e. not 10 for both)  \no So their weight will be different on both  \nAcceleration in free fall is due to gravity, and is the same as g, i.e. 10􀝉􀝏 −2 The weight of an object is considered to act at the object’s centre of mass  \nResultant Force  \n- This is a single force representing the sum of all the forces acting on an object  \n- If more than one force act along a straight line, the resultant can be found by adding (acting in the same direction) or subtracting (acting in opposite directions) them  \nSkydiver example  \n- Forces that act are air resistance and weight  \n[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/](http://www.physicsclassroom.com/)  \n- Initially, the skydiver has no air resistance and the only force acting on him is weight  \n- As he falls, he accelerates, increasing his speed (A)  \no Resultant is simply 833N down  \n- As air resistance increases, the resultant force from weight decreases (B)  \no Resultant is 833 – 350 = 483N down  \n- So acceleration decreases, so he is not speeding up as quickly (C)  \no Resultant is 133N down  \n- Eventually they are equal and balance, so there is no resultant force (D)  \no Resultant = 0  \n- So there is no acceleration when the resultant force is 0 they travel at terminal velocity.  \n- Free Body Diagrams show the forces (and their directions) acting on an object, like for the skydiver above  \nResolving Forces  \n-","cbCaibSory88ntQn","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibSory88ntQn","pdf",785228,1,12,"English","en",105,"# Forces\n## Vectors and Scalars\n## Object Interaction\n## Gravity and Weight\n## Resultant Force and Free Body Diagrams\n## Resolving Forces\n## Work\n## Springs and Hooke’s Law","[{\"question\":\"What is the difference between a vector and a scalar in these notes?\",\"answer\":\"A vector has both magnitude and direction, while a scalar has only magnitude. Vectors can be negative because the direction can be defined as positive or negative.\"},{\"question\":\"How are weight and gravitational field strength related?\",\"answer\":\"Weight is the force exerted by a gravitational field and is given by weight = mass × gravitational field strength. On Earth, g is taken as 9.8.\"},{\"question\":\"What does Hooke’s law state for springs?\",\"answer\":\"The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the applied force, as long as the proportional limit is not exceeded. The notes express this using F, spring constant k, and extension x.\"}]","AQA GCSE Physics Topic 5 - Forces - Notes | PDF",1788601232,30,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"aqa-gcse-physics-topic-5-forces-notes","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aqa-gcse-physics-topic-5-forces-notes/207813/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is the difference between a vector and a scalar in these notes?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"A vector has both magnitude and direction, while a scalar has only magnitude. Vectors can be negative because the direction can be defined as positive or negative.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How are weight and gravitational field strength related?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Weight is the force exerted by a gravitational field and is given by weight = mass × gravitational field strength. On Earth, g is taken as 9.8.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What does Hooke’s law state for springs?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the applied force, as long as the proportional limit is not exceeded. The notes express this using F, spring constant k, and extension x.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,103,108,113,118,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report","research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]