[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-207838-en":3,"doc-seo-207838-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},207838,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",4,"Exam","AQA GCSE Physics - 4.1 Atoms & Isotopes - Atomic Structure","Revision notes for AQA GCSE Physics topic 4.1 “Atoms & Isotopes”, focusing on atomic structure. Covers atoms as building blocks of matter, the nucleus and its components (protons and neutrons), and electrons as a surrounding, low-mass negative charge. Explains the relative sizes and mass distribution within an atom, introduces energy levels and electron shells, and links particle charges to total atomic charge and ionisation. Includes an exam tip and a worked example for carbon-12 electron count.","Head to www.savemyexams. com for more awesome resources  \n AQA GCSE Physics  \n4 .1 Atoms & Isotopes  \nContents  \n 4.1.1 Atomic Structure  \n 4.1.2 The Absorption & Emission of EM Radiation  \n 4.1.3 Atomic & Mass Number  \n 4.1.4 Isotopes  \n 4.1.5 Positive Ions  \n 4.1. 6 The Plum Pudding Model  \n 4.1.7 Rutherford Scattering  \n 4.1.8 Bohr 's Model of the Atom  \n 4.1. 9 Discovery of the Proton & Neutron  \n 4.1.10 Changes in the Atomic Model  \n© 2015 − 2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers  \nYour notes  \nHead to www.savemyexams. com for more awesome resources  \n4.1.1 Atomic Structure  \nAtomic Structure  \n Atoms are the building blocks of all matter  \n They are incredibly small, with a radius of only 1 × 10-10 m  \n This means that about one hundred million atoms could |t side by side across your thumbnail  \n Atoms have a tiny, dense nucleus at their centre, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus  \n The radius of the nucleus is over 10 , 000 times smaller than the whole atom, but it contains almost all of the mass of the atom  \nDiagram showing the structure of a Lithium atom. If drawn to scale then the electrons would be around  \n100 metres away from the nucleus!  \nParts of the Atom  \n The nucleus contains:  \n Protons-positively charged particles with a relative atomic mass of one unit  \n Neutrons – no charge, and also with a relative atomic mass of one unit  \n Almost all of the atom is empty space, but moving around the nucleus there are:  \n Electrons – negative charge with almost no mass (1/2000 the mass of a proton or neutron)  \n The properties of each of the particles are shown in the table below:  \nYour notes  \n© 2015 − 2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers  \nHead to www.savemyexams. com for more awesome resources  \nExam Tip  \nThere are many diyerent models of the atom. As you progress through the topic you will discover that the atom can be described in many diyerent ways, such asthe Plum Pudding Model that is covered later, but foryour exam, make sure to only use the model and descriptions described here!  \nBe careful with your terminology:  \n Atom = nucleus (proton and neutron) and electrons  \n Nucleus = protons and neutrons atthe centre of the atom  \nYour notes  \n© 2015 − 2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers  \nHead to www.savemyexams. com for more awesome resources  \nElectron Structure  \n Electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus at particular distances, known as energy levels  \n A certain number of electrons can occupy each energy level  \n For example, only two electrons can orbit in the |rst energy level  \n Only eight electrons can |t in the second energy level, and eight in the third as well  \n The higher the energy level, the further the distance of the electron from the nucleus  \nIn this diagram the |rst two energy levels are full. Electrons further from the nucleus have more energy  \n Like moving up a ladder, electrons in higher energy levels have greater potential energy because they have more distance between them and the nucleus  \n Exam Tip  \nIf you are studying foryour Chemistry GCSE then you will need to know the number of electrons that |tinto the diyerent energy levels. They may also be called electron shells.  \nYour notes  \n© 2015 − 2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers  \nHead to www.savemyexams. com for more awesome resources  \nElectrons & Protons  \n Although atoms contain particles of diyerent charge, the total charge within an atom is zero  \n This is because the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons  \nA Lithium atom has three protons, four neutrons and three electrons  The following table sets out the calculation of the total charge in the Lithium atom:  \nTotal Charge Calculation Table  \nIf an atom loses electrons, then it is said to be ionised  \nYour notes  \n© 2015 − 2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers  \nHead to ww","cbCaia8g1I7E8Mhk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia8g1I7E8Mhk","pdf",4186470,1,31,"English","en",105,"# 4.1 Atoms & Isotopes\n## 4.1.1 Atomic Structure\n## 4.1.2 The Absorption & Emission of EM Radiation\n## Worked example - Carbon-12 electron count","[{\"question\":\"What particles make up an atom, and where are they located?\",\"answer\":\"An atom contains a nucleus (protons and neutrons) at the centre and electrons surrounding it. Electrons orbit in the region around the nucleus.\"},{\"question\":\"How do energy levels relate to electron structure?\",\"answer\":\"Electrons occupy specific energy levels. Higher energy levels are further from the nucleus, and electrons in higher levels have greater potential energy.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the total charge of an atom zero?\",\"answer\":\"Atoms have no overall charge because the number of electrons equals the number of protons. Protons are positive and electrons are negative, so they balance.\"}]","AQA GCSE Physics - 4.1 Atoms & Isotopes - Atomic Structure | PDF",1788601332,78,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"aqa-gcse-physics-41-atoms-isotopes-atomic-structure","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,53,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aqa-gcse-physics-41-atoms-isotopes-atomic-structure/207838/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What particles make up an atom, and where are they located?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"An atom contains a nucleus (protons and neutrons) at the centre and electrons surrounding it. Electrons orbit in the region around the nucleus.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How do energy levels relate to electron structure?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Electrons occupy specific energy levels. Higher energy levels are further from the nucleus, and electrons in higher levels have greater potential energy.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Why is the total charge of an atom zero?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Atoms have no overall charge because the number of electrons equals the number of protons. Protons are positive and electrons are negative, so they balance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,103,108,113,118,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]