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Findings show the Kosters prism is highly sensitive to waveform non-symmetry and enables detecting decollimation by recognizing deformed fringe patterns, but cannot reliably remove atmospheric turbulence effects through time integration. The WSI supports earth-based telescope alignment visually and photographically, including a compiled interference-pattern catalog and procedures for collimating a two-element reflector, and explores double-star and stellar-diameter interferometry.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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the main goal of using wave shearing and Kosters interferometers in telescope alignment?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To examine how these interferometers can detect misalignment in telescope optical systems by analyzing how misalignment changes the interference fringe patterns.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is the Kosters prism described as extremely sensitive?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Because it is highly sensitive to non-symmetry of wave form, making it well suited for detecting decollimation when deformed fringe patterns are recognized.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the WSI differ from the Kosters prism for practical use?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The WSI is less sensitive to misalignment than the Kosters prism, but it can be used successfully for earth-based telescopes both visually and photographically, supported by an alignment catalog and collimation 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W.Fredrick and Paul H.Knappenberger  \nLEANDER MeCORMICK OBSERVATORYUNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA·CHARLOTTESVILLEN68-28923   (ACCESSION NUMBER)(THRU)(PAGES)(CATEGORV  \nFACILITY FORM 602  \n口日口日口口口厂门门门七门门国眉目口厂门厂  \n# Applications of Shearing and Kosters Prisms tothe Alignment of Optical TelescopesLaurence W.Fredrick and Paul H.Knappenberger,Jr.\n\n## INTRODUCTION\n\nThe purpose of this grant was to examine in detail the applicationof the wave shearlng and Kosters interferometers to detecting misalign-ment in telescope systems.The small size and light weight of theseprism interferometers makes them ideally suited for use in orbitingtelescopes and could replace costly lasar techniques for collimation.The results of extensive investigations with the WSI and Kosters prismsat McCormick Observatory have led to the following general conclusions:the Kosters prism is extremely sensitive to non-symmetry of wave form,hence ideally suited for detecting decollimation in optical systems;toevaluate the type and amount of misalignment in the optics with theKosters prism,requires recognition of a deformed fringe pattern;re-sults of tests have shown that atmospheric turbulence causes the fringepattern to continually charge shape to the extent that integration overa period of time to eliminate the seeing effects cannot be used success-fully.The Kosters prism,therefore,must be limited to testing fordecollimation in the laboratory or above the earth's atmosphere.  \nThe WSI,on the other hand,although not as sensitive as the Kostersprism to misaligrment,can be used successfully on earth based telescopes,both visually and photographically,to detect decollimation.A catalogof interference patterns for varlous types and amounts of misalignmentin a Cassegrain type reflector has been compiled using three different  \nshearing interferameters,This report includes the description of thework which led to the aforementioned conclusions and photographs of theinterference pattems produced by the prlsm interferometers under varloustest conditions.The WSI alignment catalog is included along with anoutline of the steps necessary to collimate a two-element reflector.  \nIn addition to the above work,the possibility of using the Kostersprism as a double star or stellar diameter interferometer was investi-gated.The results are very encouraging.  \n一门口团国目四一门门门门门门门门十日厂门间  \nCOLLIMATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES USING THE WSI  \n## A.  Introduction\n\nThe misalignment of optical elements in astronomical telescopescan be a serious drawback in almost every area of observationalastronomy.Aside from the obvilous effects of image deteriorationin planetary observations,there are serlous consequences which arerealized in the field of stellar spectroscopy(Petrie 1962),Twocareas in which the WSI is particularly suited for application arein telescope collimation techniques for astrometric reflectors andearth-orbit telescopes.The problem of aligning the optical ele-ments of a telescope in orbit about the earth can be solved in arelatively inexpensive way by using the small,compact and lightweight shearing interferometer in the manner described below.  \nIn a collimated telescope whose optical elements are figuresof revolution,the on-axis wave front will be very symmetrical,and,iffree from spherical aberration,nearly spherical in shape barring theeffects of mounting cell tensions.For an off-axis image point the wavefront will be unsymmetrical,assuming the characteristic comatic shape.The misalignment of optical elements in reflecting or refracting tele-scopes produces a wave front similar to that characteristic of thethird-order coma effect.  \nThe WSI permits an analysis of the wave front to be made and de-partures from symmetry in the wave front affect the interferencefringes in definite ways.For a collimated telescope it is possibleto locate the optical axis accurately,by carrying out detailed reduc-  \n一南口曰","cbCaioD61RlKYDcy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioD61RlKYDcy","pdf",19957654,39,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n## COLLIMATION OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES USING THE WSI\n## A. Introduction\n## Lateral Displacement\n## Secondary Tilt\n## Case I\n## Case II","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of using wave shearing and Kosters interferometers in telescope alignment?\",\"answer\":\"To examine how these interferometers can detect misalignment in telescope optical systems by analyzing how misalignment changes the interference fringe patterns.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the Kosters prism described as extremely sensitive?\",\"answer\":\"Because it is highly sensitive to non-symmetry of wave form, making it well suited for detecting decollimation when deformed fringe patterns are recognized.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the WSI differ from the Kosters prism for practical use?\",\"answer\":\"The WSI is less sensitive to misalignment than the Kosters prism, but it can be used successfully for earth-based telescopes both visually and photographically, supported by an alignment catalog and collimation steps.\"}]","Applications of Shearing and Kosters Prisms - to the Alignment of Optical Telescopes | PDF",98]